Two Party System Essay Example for Free

Two political party System EssayIt is comm exactly argued that political parties are becoming weaker and interest groups are becoming very much powerful in America. Keeping these changes in mind, is it possible that the United States go away ever give the sack a appearance from the two- ships comp whatever system and feed three or more strong parties? In 1992, Texan billionaire Ross Perot won more takes than whatsoever leash fel clinical depressionship washbowldidate for President ever had ahead. Coincidence, or will a sm solelyer party ever become a strong enough force to rein in the United States, or indeed withstand an influential presence in Parliament? Statistics suggest that Ameri nominates are in favor of a third major(ip) force in their political scenario. According to a poll conducted by Angus Reid Global MonitorMany adults in the United States believe at that place should be a viable alternative to Republicans and Democrats, according to a poll by Princ eton Survey Research Associates for the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. 53 per cent of respondents believe there should be a third major political party in the earth, up three points since June 2004. (Angus Reid Global Monitor, 2003).And according to ballotingBuddy.com, 2006, more than two thirds of Americans want a third party because of the following reasons Most people are simply aware that government of, by, and for the Democrats and Republicans has not been working they have little idea why. Part of the reason is that neither party really stands for what it used to. Instead, both of them have moved to the center in hopes of capturing the many reclaim pick outrs out there. A lot of people really miss having a party that represents the principles they believe in. Others have specific concerns that they believe have been aband id by the one major party that ever showed any interest in them. (VoteBuddy.com, 2006).Indeed the pick out trends of the past decade or two have peradventure been indicative of this new trend towards a third, unaffiliated party. In novel years, Ross Perot and Ralph Nader, both representatives of independent parties, have gained a fairly large part of the select over their Democratic and Republican competitors, not enough to cause worry to leaders of the two major parties yet, but certainly more than in preliminary years.Also worth noting is the low percentage of voter turnout at American polls. Are those who dont turn out to vote independent supporters who are just thinking that their vote will be wasted? Or are they so happy with the system as it is that they dont feel they need to vote? Today, American voters give all kinds of reasons for not voting. The cost of being involved in the voting process is among them. On the one hand, many find it difficult to register and stay registered (moving means having to reregister), despite efforts like the federal motor-voter bill, which allows Americans to register w hile renewing drivers licenses, and popular pushes like MTVs rocknroll the Vote campaign. (Hough, 2006)Others get turned off by the enormous time commitment needed to follow the race. This years presidential election, for example, saw candidates jockeying for position just about two years before the actual election. Unfortunately, instead of giving Americans more time to absorb the issues, according to results from the Vanishing Voter Project, the long campaign has them tuning out. (Hough, 2006)You can secure an argument for a long campaign, acknowledged Patterson, but our data show its a disincentive. During the second week of the projects polling a full year before the election only 5 percent of Americans said they were nonrecreational a great deal of attention to the campaign. Roughly 60 percent said they were paying little or no attention. By week three, despite heavy news coverage, Americans interest in the campaign actually declined. (Hough, 2006)Whatever the case is, a true representation of political feeling in America will only be obtained once voter turnout is higher.Another aspect which would make it hard for a third party to gain strength is congressional opposition to third parties. Traditionally, according to Wikipedia, a two party system work as follows A bipartite system is a form of party system where two major political parties dominate the voting in some all elections. As a result, all, or nearly all, elected offices end up being held by candidates endorsed by the two major parties. Coalition governments make pass only rarely in two-party systems, though each party may internally look like a coalition. Under a two-party system, one of two major parties typically holds a majority in the legislature (or a legislative house in a bicameral system), and is referred to as the Majority Party.The other major party is referred to as the Minority Party. The leader of the majority party may be referred to as the Majority Leader, assisted by t he Majority Whip, and the leader of the major opposition party may be referred to as the Minority Leader, assisted by the Minority Whip. Two-party systems often conk out spontaneously when the voting system used for elections discriminates against third or smaller parties, because the number of votes received for a party in a whole country is not directly related to the proportion of seats it receives in the countrys assembly/assemblies. (Wikipedia, 2006). We can hold how a system structured in a way like this would make it very difficult for a third party to prosper.In addition, some reports state that Congress itself shows opposition to third parties, which, at to the lowest degree for the current time, would make it very hard for a third party to achieve any sort of effectiveness in Congress. In BC Politics, Kevin Surbaugh (2006), reports that he has read in a Green Party document. He statesThis article is about the Democrats trying to pass a bill (HR 4694) that effectively se eks to ban any and all third parties, basically making it so only the Republicans and Democrats will have access to power. Its already difficult for an independent or third party candidate to gain ballot access, but this new bill would make it almost impossible.HR 4694 (Let the People Decide Clean Campaign Act) would mean that the formalised nominees of parties (i.e., Democrats and Republicans) that had averaged 25% of the vote for House races in a given district in the last two elections would get full public funding.All others (i.e., third party and independent candidates) would be required to submit petitions signed by 10% of the number of people who voted in the last election to get fond(p) funding, and 20% petitions to get full funding. The press release gives an example of the 2nd district in Missouri, where 10% of that district would be some 35,000 signatures, just to eliminate anything at all, including your/his/her own money.This is a bill that people of all parties shou ld be concerned about. (Surbaugh, 2006).Surbaugh calls for actions from Americans to pr blusht this bill from occurring. Perhaps the best form of action they can take would be to present themselves at the polls and vote for the people that they want to vote for. Again, statistics show that Americans dont vote for independents because they are hunted that they will be wasting their vote. Terry Mitchell commented on this in July 2006 in an article called Voters are to Blame for Bad Politics, as followsOne of our biggest problems is our involuntariness to vote for independent or third party candidates. These candidates generally do not have obligations to party bosses or quid pro quo relationships with lobbyists like the major party candidates do. Very often, we will vote for the lesser of two evils, rather than an independent or third party candidate who might be much better.Of course, when you vote for the lesser of two evils, youre still voting for an evil. Many people feel like th ey would be wasting their vote by voting for any of those other candidates. This is simply not true. A voter only wastes his/her vote when he/she votes for someone he/she does not really like. Instead, we create a voting catch-22 for ourselves, i.e., no one will vote for Mr. Independent because he has no chance Mr. Independent has no chance because no one will vote for him. If enough people decided to start voting their conscience, we could break that vicious cycle. (Mitchell, 2006)When Americans go to the poll on 7 November 2006, there will not only be two parties on the ballot paper. Democrats and Republicans will be joined by the likes of the Constitution Party, the Liberation Party, interest groups such as the Green Party, and even the Peace and Freedom Party. How will the 45% of Americans who want a third party in Government vote? Indeed, will they vote at all? Once before we have seen how powerful an effective third party vote can be. Some have said that Perot cost George Bush the 1992 election.During the mould primaries in the big industrial states like New York and Pennsylvania, when attention might have been paid to Clinton and former California Governor Jerry Brown as they fought each other and debated a domestic agenda for the new administration, all the media covered was the undeclared candidacy of Ross Perot (Ieinsdorf.com, 2006).And did Nader cost Gore the election in 2000? A surrounding(prenominal) look shows if Nader wasnt a choice, the 2.7% who supported Nader would have split so Gore would have picked up about 2% more support and Bush would have picked up an additional 1%. In a non-Nader race, Gore would have prevailed over Bush 50% to 49%. (Mike Hersh, 2003). This is indicative of exactly how much conflict the third party vote can have, and the fact that these two events occurred in close succession are indicative that the public is slowly beginning to vote for who they actually want to. This suggests that while there is still huge opposi tion, in the end a third party will prevail.In conclusion, we can see that while it may be that Americans are in favor of a third major political party in their country (the votes for Ralph Nader and Ross Perot in recent years are indicative of this, and not purely mirage), some reform is needed before this can happen. Is this trend to continue? The results of the upcoming election will be interesting. Americans themselves must actually go to the polls, and once there, they must vote for the candidates they actually believe the most in. Congressional opposition to new parties also postulate to be overcome and traditional two party system beliefs changed.While I believe that a third party will be commonplace in American politics in the future, I do not believe that it will occur very soon. The three determining factors Congressional opposition, low voter turnout, and voters not voting for who they really want, need to be overcome first.Works CitedAngus Reid Global Monitor, America ns Want Third Major Political Party (2003), retrieved 6 Nov 2006 from the website http//www.angus-reid.com/polls/index.cfm?fuseaction=viewItemitemID=11673Hersh, Mike, (2003) Did Nader Help Al Gore in 2000, retrieved 6 Nov 2006 from the website http//www.mikehersh.com/Did_Nader_Help_or_Hurt_Al_Gore.shtmlHough, Lory, (2006) The American Voter retrieved 6 Nov 2006 from the website http//www.ksg.harvard.edu/ksgpress/bulletin/spring2000/american_vote.htmlIensdorf, (2006) Perot Did not Cost George Bush the 1992 pick retrieved 6 Nov 2006 from the website http//www.leinsdorf.com/perot.htmMitchell, Terry, (2006), Voters are To Blame for Bad Politics retrieved 6 Nov 2006 from the website http//www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=11264Surbaugh, Kevin, (2006) Congress Planning to Shut down Third Parties, retrieved 6 Nov 2006 from the website http//blogcritics.org/archives/2006/02/11/034246.phpVoteBuddy.com, Our Vote is Held Hostage, 2006 retrieved 6 Nov 2006 from the w ebsite http//votebuddy.com/Wikipedia, (2006), Two Party System, retrieved 6 Nov 2006 from the website http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-party_system

How Reference Groups Exert Influence on Consumer Behavior Essay Example for Free

How Reference Groups Exert Influence on Consumer Behavior Essay destiny carriage Model An attitude is the psychological response to a someone, an object, to a situation, to society and to life itself that generally influence our behaviors and actions. Attitudes are either positive or negative. all the same our attitudes are not always dictated by our values and beliefs. Other factors in a given situation may influence our behavior. We can as well have different attitudes towards the same thing depending on whom we are dealing with, the actual context of an exchange or an event or occurrence. Three major(ip) dowers of attitude are 1) Affective emotions or feelings. (2) Cognitive belief or opinions held consciously. (3) Conative inclination for action. Cognitive Component The cognitive component refers to the knowledge, beliefs, and opinions the person has around the Nike product. The cognitive component is the individuals information and knowledge about an object or concep t. A persons cognition is the knowledge and perceptions that are acquired by a combination of direct experience with the attitude-object and related information from various sources.This knowledge and resulting perceptions commonly take the form of beliefs that is, the consumer believes that the attitude-object possesses various attributes and that specific behaviors will allow for to specific outcomes. Beliefs are the cognitive component of consumer attitude. Positive brand associations enhance brand equity and are achieved through a number of positioning strategies. The beliefs about an object tend to control the change that may take place in an attitude. Affective ComponentThe affect component of an attitude reflects feelings (affect is the technical foul term for positive or negative feelings), evaluation, or emotions regarding the attitude object. Affect refers to the way a consumer feels about an attitude object. It relates to the emotional content and arouses either likes or dislikes of a particular object. A consumers emotions or feelings about a particular product or brand constitute the affective component of an attitude. Conative ComponentThe conative component reflects behavioral tendencies toward the attitude object. Conation refers to the act of attempting something. Conation is concerned with the likelihood or tendency that an individual will undertake a specific action or behave in a particular way with regard to the attitude-object. This conative component of attitude may include the actual behavior itself. In marketing and consumer research, the conative component is frequently treated as an expression of the consumers intention to buy.Buyer intention scales are employed to assess the likelihood of a consumer purchasing a product or behaving in a certain way. Examples of Intention-to-Buy Scales I definitely will go I probably will go Behavior involves the persons intentions to do something with regard to an attitude object. The behavioral component of an attitude is ones tendency to respond in a certain personal manner toward an object or activity. Consumers are asked to make a subjective judgment on the likelihood of buying a product or brand or taking a specific action in the future.

Impact of Overpopulation in India

Impact of Over volume in IndiaREFLECTIVE 1IMPACT OF OVERPOPULATION IN INDIAExecutive summaryOn the conceptual note evaluation of everywhere commonwealth is extremely straight forward. Groups usually rely over the local geographical domain for their nourishment and in cases if the productivity does not meet the demands placed by the stem it naturally solvings in migration of the group towards a productive stead. Sustainability could be explored as the ration between the totalities of the demands placed by the group to that of the ability of the geographical location to serve the demands. The following assessment would involve the assessment of over existence as an attribute stimulating opportunities and multiplying resistance for Indias harvest and development.The 2oth century is a memorable timeline of macrocosm development across the globe with the figures of inhabitants multiplying by 100% from that of 3 gazillion to 6 billion in just a span of 40 years. During this growt h India has not gone exceptional in witnessing a quick growth where it raised its world bars from 448 million to a whopping sum of 1.04 billion which has now reached 1.21 billion (Chakraborti, 2010). The following picture offers more insight over the state of rapid development that India is witnessing in contrast to the growth of worlds world (Chakraborti, 2010).Global population across the globe has been multiplying at a roam of 2% per annum and currently the growth trends in India is reflecting a rate of 1.4% thither by surpassing the 0.7% rate of Chinas population (Chandrasekhar, 2011)Changes in Demographics and economic growth / Health attributes in IndiaIn the past decades there bewilder been 2 crucial breakthroughs that India has faced as a result of overpopulation. One is concerned with that of the changing structure of age due to population and the other is the link of overpopulation over the state of populations health (Mitra, 2009).Changes in age structure of the po pulation in India has significant effects on the economic growth of the nation and this has been driven by the increase proportions of baby boomers that was able to create echo effects (Srinivasan, 2011). In the past the whole Indian economy was reliant on the development of the youth which has now taken a transition to a verifying note of its demographic profile, which has been stimulating the economic growth. Indias population health has been a crucial driving force under its economic development where in the healthier workforce in India was aiding the productivity of individuals and good health in turn multiplied the state of attendance in schools and institutions leading to enhanced education in India (Srinivasan, 2011). The growing population of India has been witnessing a strong lour across the infant mortality place by about 70% in the past 60 years (Vignath, 2010). The physique of deaths per 1000 people from one hundred sixty-five has now gone down to 50 instantly than ks to the increase state of medical infrastructure that has been able to address mortality bangs in India amidst the increasing rate of population. On the other hand the state of child mortality has also seen a positive transition with the number of deaths per 1000 children declining from 138 to that of 75 to twenty-four hours (Chandrasekhar, 2011). The state of life expectancy in India has thus multiplied at a rate of 5 per each decade and the state of fertility rate has also seen a downfall from 6 children to that of women towards 2.5 per women (Vignath, 2010).Source (Mitra, 2009)The increasing age group of women under the reproductive age has been a driving force roll in the hay the increase in Indias population from 1.2 billion towards a strong projection of 1.6 billion by 2050. Amidst these the affect of overpopulation on the economic growth has been positive as the decreasing rates of crude births and death rates being a driving force (Mitra, 2009).Source (Chakraborti, 2010 )India is turning more urbanized and it is unpatterned from the totality of the people living in urban areas witnessed a growth of 18% during 1960 to that of 30% in 2008. During this lengthy timeline majority of the deaths 53% were influenced by the times of chronic diseases and which are later influenced down by the decline that the country faced across reduced tobacco consumption, increased nutrition and a berth towards a sedentary lifestyle (Sharma, 2011).Environmental ImpactsTrends in impoverishmentEnvironmental abjection in India is highly influenced by the extensive growth of its population which has been do adverse effects on the environment and natural resources. Majority of the poor people India lived across the rural areas with agriculture as their primary profession. There was abundance of programs that the government initiated under the anti-poverty and employment development aspects which was able to help the reduction of poverty ratios in the country. The growt h of population assisted the reduction of poverty rates in India where the nation had more than 55% of the population under the poverty line during 1974 and has shrinked down to 26% during 2000 (let, 2009). On the numerical count the population of people under poverty reduced from 320 million during 1975 to that of 260 million during 2000 (let, 2009). Amidst the reduction in the poverty rates in India considerable amount of impact was realized in the environmental degradation where in people who were not able to meet their basic needs were completely forced to make use of the natural resource that are under the common property resources (Mitra, 2009). Hence India was faced with severe exploitation of the natural resources and the excess pressure from the increasing population has influenced the degradation of the rationality water. On the other hand the increased state of poverty in India has influenced the day to day activities of the poor to make use of the ponds and the rivers t o contaminate and exhaust for their day to day activities. The number of such interventions has resulted in poor state of health for people who make use of the untreated water contents (Chandrasekhar, 2011).Both poverty as well as the increasing rate of population has been influencing the environmental challenges across India. Even though the positive signs of population growth have aided the growth of Indias economy in reducing Unemployment there exists abundance of environmental issues in India (Srinivasan, 2011).Pressure exerted On LandOut of all the nations in the globe Indias is exposed to huge volume of pressure in its agricultural land as a result of increasing population (Sharma, 2011). Indias geographical volume of 43% is contributing to the agriculture and the changing demographics have in turn influenced the changing patterns of land utilization. It is evident that the totality of Indias population has witnessed a growth of 3 times of the volume from 1950 to 2010 but the se growth has been accompanied only by a low growth rate in total area of land for cultivation(20.7% 118 million hectares in 2010 from that of 142 million hectare during 1960) (Mitra, 2009). Majority of the growth in this regard has taken place as a result of the depletion of forest as well as graze lands. change magnitude rate of land acquisition by the population of India is yet another critical issue of over population. On the purpose housing, building manufacturing units and industries the acquisition of land has witnessed a huge rise of about 10.5 million hectares in a span of 10 years (1990 2000) (Mukhopadhyay, 2012). Contrarily the increasing volume of agricultural extensfication is favouring the dominance of fertilizers which has resulted in water pollution (Vignath, 2010). Some of the worst ending of agricultural extensfication is the negative impact that it creates over the state of bio variation and poor state of health in oceans (Sharma, 2011).Degradation of both the land and soil is yet another important outcome of the increasing state of Population in India. The dominance of agricultural interventions and irrigation activities has increased the volume of water logging and most importantly the salination of the soil. The total geographical area of India is near to a volume of 330 million hectares of which about 175 million hectares are under the land degradation with both water and wind eroding topping the list of charts for about 150million hectares (Ranade, 2011). The outcome of soil erosion in India has resulted in increasing number of landslides, deforestation, and floods respectively. The current state of increasing population in India is highly degrading the scope for promoting enhanced food security and sustainability in the forestry context (Ranade, 2011).Declining rates of per Capita in the forest and agriculture landIncreasing population growth trend in India has resulted in declining rates of the per capital availability of forest and agricultural lands. It is evident that the current per capita of forests in india is much lower than the come of the entire worlds per capita (Mukhopadhyay, 2012).YearPer capita availability of Forest LandPer capita availability of agricultural Land19500.1120.62819600.1250.50119700.1140.40119800.0980.35419900.0800.32220000.0710.27620100.0650.240Source (Mukhopadhyay, 2012)Despite the increasing number of intervention being oblige by the government of India to address the declining per capita the increasing state of population has been hindering the ability of accomplishing objectives of gaining high per capita availability (Vignath, 2010).Destruction of the habitat and lessening bio diversityBio diversity has increasing value across the state of development in food, agriculture and medicine in India. But increasing population trends has influenced the destruction of Bio diversity in a positive manner currently India is face a threat of losing the habitats permanently. The incr easing population trends have been increasing the human settlements and modernization of the agriculture is deluxe negative impact on the local crops (Srinivasan, 2011). The current population trend in India is capable of offering a threat to more than 1000 wight species and sub species and a sum of 25,000 plants are under threat of losing their identity due to human acquisitions (Vignath, 2010).Patterns of consumptionThe economic and industrial development is underlying the rapid changes happening the patterns of consumption it is evident that Indias strong economic growth has been reflecting in the increasing sales of the motor vehicles (Sharma, 2011). This has naturally resulted in noise pollution, propagate pollution, traffic jams and has depleted the agricultural lands for building more connectivity of roads. The following table offers insight in to the increasing number of motor vehicle resignation which is an outcome of the increasing population trends in India. It is evid ent that majority of the growth patterns in the motor vehicle registration has reflected the consumption across metropolitan cities (Vignath, 2010).During 2000 the total population in India was near to 1 billion and at that stage for every 1000 people there were 9 motor vehicles getting registered and it is projected that the population of India is projected to increase to 1.4 Billion which will make the statistics to increase as 44 vehicles for every 1000 people (Mitra, 2009). Thus the projections strongly emphasize the multiplying number of environmental issues as a result of the increase in the motor sales which ultimately results in accumulation of garbage, sanitation and poor housing issues. Increasing level of consumption with reference to the gas, oil and petroleum has also been depleting the non-renewable resources in India (let, 2009).Raising demand for energy is yet another crucial issue that India has been facing in the recent past with the production of petroleum related products witnessing a multiplication of 29 times of the actual volume from 2010.Air pollutionIndia has pass the list of worlds most air polluted nations and the growth of industries, households, transportation has been witnessing exceeding limits than that of proposed by the World health organization. Increase in complaint as well as pre mature deaths are blamed for the increasing number of air pollution in India as a result of over population (Sharma, 2011).ConclusionThe totality of damage caused for India through air pollution has crossed $ 1.3 billion every year and on the other hand the degradation of the water has multiplied the health cost to $ 5.7 million on yearly basis for India (Mukhopadhyay, 2012). It is evident from the analysis that over population has been favoring the state of economic scenario for India with increasing employment and purchasing power but has extensive negative impact over the environment and natural resource management.REFERENCESChakraborti, D. (2 010). The Greying of India Population Ageing in the condition of Asia (Sixth translation ed.). SAGE Publications.Chandrasekhar, S. (2011). Indias Population Fact and Policy (Second Edition ed.). John Day Company.let, J. (2009). Infant Mortality, Population Growth An Essay on Population Problems and multinational Tensions (Tenth Edition ed.). Routledge.Mitra, A. (2009). Indias Population Aspects of Quality and Control (Ninth Edition ed.). Abhinav Publications.Mukhopadhyay, K. (2012). Control of Population Growth in India Statistical Review of Information (Third Edition ed.). Daya Books.Ranade, S. (2011). Population kinetics in India (Second Edition ed.). APH Publishing.Sharma, K. (2011). Demography and Population Problems (Ninth Edition ed.). Atlantic Publishers.Srinivasan, K. (2011). Regulating reproduction in Indias population Regulating reproduction in Indias population (Second Edition ed.). Sage Publications.Vignath, P. (2010). Indias Population A Study Through Extension of S table Population Techniques (Fourth Edition ed.). Sterling Publishers.

The Entwistle 4mat Review Theology Religion Essay

The Entwistle 4mat Review Theology Religion EssayIntegrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity allowed me to understand the past occurrences of psychological science and theology. The book displayed the religion and presumption that psychology and Christianity should combine for it to possess a higher understanding and permitting the client a higher probability of healing. So as to do this there should be an entire understanding of every element in and of itself. Entwistles (2010) book presented all the facts from history as it has formed society these days. As he mentioned these historic plaints, it shows entirely how the contendledge today may be a reflection or reaction of what happened then. Christianity has invariably had an enormous impact on world history and the counsel the planet is viewed. The creator makes it clear that God offers humans reality and honesty in His Word. When consideration of his works is given his Word has begun to demonstrate an impact on t he planet.The Word of God is the Bible that God created as a guide to living aliveness in the way that God designed to be the opera hat for humankind. Theology and Psychology do not appear to be to be compatible however they are similar when it involves the appreciation and comprehension that changes a persons life to be meaningful. The planet is filled with individuals that have many abilities to share. God created us in his image therefore that makes each of us distinctive in our receive sense. We all have things of our own to share and contribute to the world around us. Theology and Psychology are earnestly applied in human disposition and human purpose. The author identifies within the book that there are not any dissimilarities between the holy and therefore the worldly person when it involves the truth. Within the patrol wagon of men, good and evil exists it is our human nature. All are born into sin, being sinful is inevitable.The author makes a sensible argument when he wrote this book. The incorporation of psychology and theology makes for a nice combination in helping individuals with an assortment of issues. He emphasizes the magnitude within the ever-evolving worldviews towards the last part of the book and the author even provides an recitation for all to pursue. It would be helpful when aiding clients or daily interaction with others. The practice of integrating the approaches between psychology and Christianity is the result that has taken complete sign from psychology and the reality that God has given to humankind (the Bible).The theories, worldviews and sinful intentions that are established through step forward the society can offer certain obstacles for the combination of psychology and Christianity from individual and business views. The main goal of layperson psychology and Christianity is to assist people to prevail over any problems or circumstances in their lives. both recipients of the secularisms and Christianity itself ou ght to look past their pictures and target the task that helps man through the troublesome times in their lives. The application of theology and psychology will turn out miracles in individuals lives. It appears as if the aim of this book is to supply universal steerage toward the advancement of humanitys overall state of being.Concrete ResponsesThis information I gained from this book helped me to contrive a puzzle together that relates to my parents marriage. Psychology tries to explain why we as humans do what we do to each other. Christianity shows us how God indigences us to apportion each other. God gives us a better way.When I think back to what I witnessed as a child during my parents marriage and subsequent separate was that when God was in the midst of our home, the relationship that my parents had was strong. When God was no longer the center of our lives my parents relationship fell apart and ended in divorce. The impact and the frantic pain of my parents divorce ar e still with my siblings and me to this day.The psychological and spiritual support that my parents needed at that time was not available to them. I remember my puzzle saying that she felt like they were abandoned by our church when our family needed their support the most. Our family separated from our church after my parents divorced and it was many years by and by before any of my family sought out a church home again.I think we as a society know better now. When you know better you will do better. There is more psychological and spiritual support for families that are in crisis now. I can see the value of what I want to do as a profession, and how I want to help families even more clearly now.ReflectionThe questions that I rattling have for the author of this book areHow do we convince those in need of counseling services to decide on a Christian counselor versus a secular counselor?How will the concept of Christian counseling grow and flourish in the secular world?I would th ink that possibly the best fashion of promoting Christian counseling would be through word of mouth. For you will be His witness to all men of what you have seen and heard. Acts 2215 (NKJV) It is important that we are passionate witnesses for God. Many people will rely on word of mouth when they are in search of a professional person or service.I did not feel that this book was well laid out. It appears to be too academically weighted which means it might reach a wider reference if the words, theories and ideas were a touch more simplistic. I found myself having to look up particular words in order to fully understand what was being discussed. It was rather distracting and time consuming. Somebody with less education than myself would most likely have a troublesome time reading and understanding this book.Although it is academically heavy, I actually found that it is a resourceful tool and filled with insight regarding the planet and the way we can view theology, psychology and C hristianity. Upon finishing the book, I actually gained an copiousness of information and would suggest it to others.ActionWhen I become a Christian counselor, my approach to reaching my clients will be to consistently depend on the author of prayer, the Holy Spirit and Gods truth in scripture to enable them to make positive changes in their lives.I will want to share my own private experiences to help my clients to relate to me and to trust me and to help them to understand that I experience the same challenges as they do in life. Hopefully, I can be an example of love, compassion, understanding, and proof of happier days on the other side of whatever the problem might be that they are dealing with.Humbling myself before my clients will enable me to serve them as if I were serving God. As each one has received a gift, minister it to one another, as good stewards of the manifold clothe of God. 1 Peter 410 (NKJV) Serving others with the only purpose of reflecting Gods love and br inging them into His presence could be an invaluable experience that I want to be a part of.There are a great deal of people in this world of strife that are hurting and in need of comfort and peace. I would like to become someone that God can use to bring this about for his people that he loves so dearly.

Organizational culture, and change management

Organizational civilisation, and neuter managementIntroductionThis acquire is found on presidencyal floriculture, and convert management This study provides an overall idea closely the particular subject ara and it provides very all important(predicate) knowledge base in both practical and theoretical manner. thence in the first part of the study the concept of culture of an organization has been studies as a one learning consequent of the module. Under that a poser of analyzing organisational culture has been described. After that the internal and external factors which could influence organisational culture has been explained, whence as the final description of the first learning out tot up the current organizational culture has been evaluated.After a cosmopolitan understanding on culture of the organizations a study has been extended to study understand the encounter of change that underpins individual and organizational performance. In that scratch the concept b ehind organisational de experimental conditionine the values to an individual and as well the affect of mangers personal values in trifleing with team members has been explained properly.As the third learning outcome the affinity between organizational culture and change management has been understood and accordingly it was identified how organizational culture sens affect organizational change management process and then it was assessed how organizational culture and change management kindle affect individual behaviour. Also ultimately it is discussed how individual values can influence the behaviour of team.All together this study covered a considerable area in the subject area of organizational behaviour and change management.Universal Supplier (Pvt) Ltd is UK based company, they import many food items from various Asian countries, and among that Sri Lanka is major country. Universal providers are bare-assly established company, it is non alder than 10 years, but its m ount up is very successful. World is change every day, new technologies are emerge and customer anticipation and satisfactions are change day by day hence every business has to upgrade their touchstone. Universal suppliers take in understood change system, so they give more priority to change their management and products relative to commercialise change.The Concept of CultureTo achieve this learning target there are three main areas which has to be address. First one is the to determine a framework for analyzing organizational culture and then Explanation on internal and external factors that influence organizational culture and at last of this section the consideration was given to evaluate the current Organizational culture.Determine a framework for analyzing organizational cultureOrganizational or corporate culture is the pattern of values, norms, beliefs, attitudes and assumptions that whitethorn not lay down been articulated but shape the way in which people be lay down and things get done. Norms are unwritten rules and behaviors.In a very simple way we can say the culture of an organization is the typical way of doing things in the organization. It particularly relates to the behavior pattern and the relationship. The culture of an organization develops as an evolution of long time. It is normally created by the people who work in the organization both the managers and the workforce.So this framework for analyzing organization should be developed in a manner considering on above said ideas of the organizational culture.There seems to be wide range of agreement that organizational culture refers to a system of divided meaning held members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations. This system of shared meaning is, on closer examination, a set of key elements that in aggregate capture the essence of and organizations culture.These elements are the core of the framework which can role to analyze the organizational culture. Those are as follows.Innovations and risk tasking The full stop to which employees are encourages to be innovative and take risk.Attention to detail The degree to which employees are anticipate to exhibit precision, analysis, and attention to detail.Result Orientation The degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes.People Orientation The degree to which management decisions take in to consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization.Team Orientation The degree to which work activities are organized well-nigh teams rather than individualsAggressiveness The degree to which people are aggressive and competitive rather than easy going.Stability The degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growthEach of these elements exists on a continuum from low to high. Appraising the organization on these seven characteristics or the elements and then gives a composite mental image of the organizations culture.Explanation on internal and external factors that influence organizational culture to Management PracticesInternal FactorsThe actions of Top Management The actions of the top management to a fault have major impact on the organizations culture. Through what they say and how they behave, senior executives establish norms that filter down through the organizations as to whether risk taking is desirable, how much liberty managers should give their employees, what is appropriate dress, what action ordain pay off in terms of pay raises, promotions and other rewards.Human resources Practices Once culture is in lay out there are practices within the organization that act to maintain it by giving employees a set of experience. For example many of the human resources practices reinforce the organizations culture. The section process, performance evaluation criteria, training career development activities, the promotions procedures match that those hired people fit in with the culture.Socialization No case how good a job the organization does in recruiting and selection, new employees are not fully indoctrinated in the organizations culture. May be to the highest degree important, because they are unfamiliar with the organizations culture, new employees are potentially likely to disturb the beliefs and customs that are in place. The organizations will therefore want to encourage new employees adapt to its culture. This adaptation process is called as Socialization.External FactorsThe context of Community The people have an inner life that nourishes and is nourished by meaningful work that takes place in the context of the community. This matter have two sides one is community as a external factor how look at the organization and the other hand employees also come from that community that will effect to the internal factors also. Organizations that promotes a feelual culture recog nize that people have both a mind and a spirit seek to find meaning and purpose in their work, and desire to connect with other human being and be part of a community.Government Rules and Regulations This is also having another high effect on organizational culture. E in particular in the areas like how to treat for the employees, regulations o customer relations and like that the government rules and regulations also may have a effect on organizations culture.National Culture it is filmed to taken in to account if accurate predictions are to be do about organizational behavior in different countries. But does national culture override the organizations culture. Is an IBM facility in Germany, for example more likely to take a hop German ethic culture or IBMs corporate culture? This example should be taken in to account to national culture override the organizations culture. evaluate the current Organizational cultureHere if we take the McDonalds organization the organizations c ulture can be identified as follows.Organizational culture to cope up with National cultureMcDonalds company adjusts to cooking differences in various cultures. In the case of India, McDonalds offered vegetarian burgers to practicing Buddhists. Asian countries preferring spicy taste saw the introduction of spicy burgers, scandalmongering and seasoning. This provides options for customers to purchase food with either the American taste or the local taste. McDonalds achieves balance by maintaining standardization in products but adjusting to the local taste.Company operationsOperations Customer Oriented Product and service delivery of McDonalds is customer cantered. This means that McDonalds primary concern is the satisfaction of its customers. This is ensured by applying a strict standard of food and service quality. Under direct Supervision of Mother Company Periodically, representatives from the mother company visit certain branches in order to ensure the livelihood of quality st andards, to discover problems and issues, and to provide updates on operation, management and marketing techniques.Relationship with the EmployeesThe company applies the employment policy of providing sufficient training to its workforce. Prior to starting work, impertinently hired employees are given a rundown of the rules and regulations, company practices and the goals of the company. After this, the employees are introduced to the different components of the menu, process of food preparation, food-packaging techniques, serving of food, handling the cash register, and establishing ringing with customers. New employees are given practical exercises for experience. transfigure Management serve upThe change management process is one of basic skill in that most Managers and larders need to be competent in there management process. There are very less working environments where change management is not important and not implemented.In here we are looking basic principles of change management, and provide some guideline on how these principles can be implemented.When leaders and managers are planning to manage changes, there are five main philosophies which need to be rememberVarious people respond various way to changeEverybody has basic needs which have to be fulfilChanges regularly involves a loss, and people go through the loss curveAnticipation need to be managed rationallyFears have to be deal with changesThe some techniques in the change management practitioners belt are well known in the business and business press. The effective organizational change in their implementation and realization are required the introduction of lean manufacturing, 360 feedback, executive coaches,six sigma, CRM, just-in-time supply and manufacturing processes such as kanban and kaizen, Total Quality Management, or enterprise applications such as SAP, and etcImportance (Objectives)of Change Management to the Organization1. To allow changes while, at the same time, maintainin g or up(p) service stability and availability.2. To increase the probability of change process success.3. To reduce and minimize the ratio of changes that needs to be backed out of due to deficient preparation.4. To ensure that all parties affected are informed of planned changes.5. To provide a record of changes implemented to assist with and shorten problem determination time.6. To ensure that technical and management accountability for all changes is identified.7. To assist with the accuracy of predictions of impact, such as response time, utilization, etc.8. To ensure that all affected parties are not only informed, but necessary documentation and training is in place prior to the implementation.Organization Culture and Change Management ProcessThe organization culture and change management process are interrelated. There are many impact cultural impacts for change management process. Ever organization has unique culture, so management system also adapted surrounding that cult ure and if they implement any change process they have to adapt that change process with their culture, differently they have to change organization culture. Company motivation process is often to improve the effectiveness of this employee in order to improve the financial status of the company. most organizational cultures are making barriers to implement changes, so they have to overcome those resistant against to change. Most of manager and leaders are not willing to do changes, because they have some fear about it success or failure. Cultural changes or changes adaptation to culture are required to success of changes, because these two cannot be separated. Good relationship between organization culture and change management process always bring success of change.Model for the Changing ProcessChange is not conventional it does not chase the particular order in change management models were suggested. So, when look at these models of change management, permit a hatch of flexib ility when referring a model rather than referring any model too rigidly, The way of implementation of changes are differ and depending on which model is used, but we can fallow basic steps those are essential to follow and those are common to any personal or organizational changes.Model for the Changing ProcessKotters Eight Change ModelJohn Kotters eight change model is so suitable compare with the other all models for Universal Supplier change process. It has eight steps to fallow for the appropriate change process that will be applied to Universal Supplier.(Source http//www.google.co.uk/images?clien) footstep One Create UrgencyThis may help to Universal supplier spark the initial motivation to get things moving company has low distribution network so they want to expand it all over the UK, still it spread only within boundary of London. Company has threat from their market, because there are many competitors arising with new entrance. Company has fortune to expand its other regi on in UK because London is more competitive place many business organizations are located there, not only UK they have opportunity to penetrate other EU countries Like French. Company competences are replete for penetrate and expand the market network, but they should strengthen it further.Step 2 Form a Powerful CoalitionThe effective change leaders dont need to follow the traditional company hierarchy. To lead change, company management take aim need to bring all together a coalition, or team, of influential people whose power comes from several of sources, including job title, status, expertise, and political importanceStep iii Create a Vision for ChangeThe universal Supplier change process vision is to be a leading food supplier in UK and change objective is expansion of market network all over the UK and Penetrates to other EU countries such as French. When the first start thinking about change. There will probably be many great ideas and solutions floating around. Link thes e concepts to an overall vision that people can grasp easily and remember.Step Four Communicate the VisionChange vision is communicated all the stakeholders of Universal Supplier. There are various methods is implicated for success of vision communication.Step 5 Remove ObstaclesUniversal Supplier has some obstacles from importing process. There are many rules and regulation impose when importing of products, and employee knowledge and skills are not enough for achieve that change. Therefore company has to remove those obstacles by using various strategiesStep Six Create Short-term WinsCompany should create short term wins like annual target coverage, 10% change coverage. Company should be given a taste of achievement early in the change process. It will be encourage employees to reach to final goal in changing processStep Seven Build on the ChangeCompany need to implement constant improvement and change build on going changes. In here final goal is penetrate to other EU countries that should be achieved in the change process. Continuous improvement is very important for going to final target.Step Eight Anchor the Changes in Corporate CultureThe abet culture regularly identifies what gets done, so the values behind the company or person vision must show in daily work. Required continuous commitment to ensure those changes are seen in every aspect of organization, this will help that change a solid place in Universal supplier (Pvt) LtdResistant to ChangeThere are many reason to change, those are due to lack of understanding, poor communication process, cultural and belief barriers, norms, conflict, company structure, technical capabilities, Managerial attitudes and style. Therefore managers and other executives need recognise and key out different form of resistance1. brat of power on an individual basis2. Threat of power on an organization basis3. Losing the control by employees4. Increasing the control of employees5. Economic factor and limitation6. Fear for the Jobs security7. Implication on personal objectives and plans8. Misunderstanding about changes9. Fear of unknown10. Limited resources allocationThere are many factors for create resistance again changes. Organization should identify those barriers (resistant) to changes and need to find out overcome those resistant otherwise changes are not implemented successfully.Successful Method of Implementation of ChangeThere are several key parameters that need to be observed if change is to be successful, those are1. Idea and the need for the change Idea generally should be serious, and otherwise there is not a perceived need for change.2. Adaptation Adaptation is occurred after key persons make decision chose to a head with planed objectives. Executives and general employees should help to success of change process, and major organizational changes should be sign on legal documents by the board of directors3. Resources Change is not happened without resources, it requires allocated r esources within time frame, specially required adjustable budget, and proper human resource, technology and etc.4. Implementation Implementation is occurred after create change decision with organizational plan. Capital approval, employee training, system of materials and equipments are very important in implementation process.ConclusionThis assignment analyses a broad area in organizational culture, and change management process.In the first part of the study the concept of culture of an organization has been studies in broad term under three main study areas. Which are organizational culture external internal factors affect for organizational culture and assessing a current organizational culture of an organization.In the second section a comprehensive understanding on culture of the organizations a study has been expanded to study understand the impact of changes that underpin individual and organizational performance. In that section the concept behind organisational culture an d the changes to an individual and as well the affect of mangers personal values in working with team members has been explained properly.In the final section relationship between culture and changes has been understood and accordingly it was identified how organizational culture can affect organizational change process and then it was assessed how organizational culture can affect individual and organizational changes. Also ultimately it is discussed model of change process, resistant to changes and successful method to implementation of changes.Universal Supplier (Pvt) Ltd is UK based company, they import many food items from various Asian countries, and among that Sri Lanka is major country. Universal suppliers are newly established company, it is not alder than 10 years, but its progress is very successful. World is change every day, new technologies are emerge and customer anticipation and satisfactions are change day by day therefore every business has to upgrade their standar d. Universal suppliers have understood change system, so they give more priority to change their management and products relative to market change.

Charlotte Haldanes The Last Great Empress of China :: Chinese History Essays

Charlotte Haldanes The Last Great Empress of China Never again allow any women to hold supreme power in the state. It is against the house-law of our Dynasty, and should be strictly forbidden. Be careful not to permit eunuchs to meddle in Government matters. The Ming Dynasty was brought to ruin by eunuchs, and its fate should be a pattern to my people(Haldane 259). These were the final words of the last great empress of China, Tzu Hsi. In a sense this statement was ironic. For almost 50 years this one woman govern China with a graceful but iron fist. The Last Great Empress of China, written by Charlotte Haldane, is the story of how Tzu Hsi (1861-1908, rose to power and managed to keep it. Known by several(prenominal) names through out the course of her life, Tzu Hsi was intelligent, beautiful, and had a voice that could charm anyone. Chosen as an Imperial Concubine in the third class, Yehonala (as she was cognise at the time) took great care to wi n the favor of the current Empress Dowager. Her next step was to win the favor of the young Emperor Hsien Feng, which she accomplished with the help of the question Eunuch, who she had also won over. In her quest for ultimate power the luckiest event that befell her was the birth of her son. Because the Empress Consort Sakota failed to produce an heir, Yenonalas son was to become the heir apparent, face lifting her to the position of first rank concubine. Throughout the course of her life, Tzu Hsi played her cards well, continuously increasing her power. Tzu Hsis thirst for power caused her to be the center of several scandals over the course of her reign. It is said that she arranged the death of the Empress Consort Sakota (also known as the Tzu An) and two influential concubines whom she deemed a threat to her authority. Not being fitting to accomplish these deaths on her own, Tzu Hsi turned to those closest to her, the royal eunuchs. Though the eunuchs as a rul e were not to speak unless spoken to first, the Chief Eunuch, whoever he was at the time, became her closest confidant.

Adam Sandler :: essays research papers

ecstasy Sandler is a well-known comedian, musician, actor, screenwriter, and singer. He is known throughout the nation for his accomplishments in the entertainment business.Adam Sandler was born on September 9, 1966, in Brooklyn, New York. He was educated at New Hampshire&8217s Manchester Central High School during the early 1980&8217s. He later went to New York University and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree in 1991 (&8220Celeb-Site). Adam&8217s first time in the office was when he was 11, and he sung &822016 by Ringo Starr at his sister&8217s wedding (Arnold 110). Yet, his career of being a comedian began at age 17, when he got up on stage at a Boston comedy club. He really had no influences he spontaneously got on stage. After that he performed regularly at the University and at clubs. Adam also got a spot on The Cosby Show as one of Theo&8217s friends. He was also feature on MTV&8217s Remote Control, and on Saturday Night Live during the 1990-91 season (&8220dAvYgRaVy). His performances caused an article to be posted in the L.A. Times, which said that he was &8220the most talentless, juvenile, and offence of the current cast&8230 Obviously, not everyone felt this way because he continued to get jobs in the entertainment field. Adam&8217s early career stretched to distinguishable areas, but he was really discovered during his first season on Saturday Night Live (&8220Celeb-Site&8217). Adam also worked on productions other than sitcoms, like movies. In fact, Adam has made many movies throughout his career. His films let in Billy Madison, Happy Gilmore, The Water Boy, and many others (&8220WBR). Adam also had his hand in the music career. His albums include &8220They&8217re All Gonna Laugh At You, &8220What the Hell Happened to Me?, &8220What&8217s Your Name?, and &8220The Lonesome Kicker. Adam&8217s talent showed through when he was nominated for a Grammy Award for the album, &8220They&8217re All Gonna Laugh at You in 1993 (&8220WBR).