Medieval Art Essay - 1064 Words

Medieval Art In the art world, the medieval periods were traditionally though to be the unproductive phase of Europe between the decline of Rome and the Renaissance. Our modern feelings toward medieval art are far more appreciative. The main intent of Medieval art was to express Christianity which was also a common bond between a wide spread and diverse Europe. For this reason most of the art found from medieval times originated in monasteries and churches. European art during the Middle Ages can be divided into four periods. These four periods include Celto-Germanic art which ranged from 400 to 800 A.D. and was important in metal work. Carolingian art ranged from 750 to 987 A.D. overlapping 50 years of the Celto-Germanic period. The†¦show more content†¦The Carolingian style is of small dimensions. Most of this style pulls its influence from Byzantine artwork. â€Å"An explanation for the sudden change from Celto-Germanic styling can be attributed to the new minuscule form of writing, remarkable for its clarity and form† (Pioch). Metal work from this time period is rare although writings tell us that goldsmiths and enamel workers remained active. Romanesque The art of the Romanesque period was characterized by the revival of sculptures and fresco painting. These were common elements of architecture. Along with those architectural advancements the period produced frequent examples of realism as well as a heightened emphasis on emotion and fantasy. The crusades acted as a main contributor to this time period lending more religious and revolutionary imagery. Examples of Romanesque sculpture are dated back to the last decade of the eleventh century and then first decades of the twelfth. â€Å"The primary source of artistic patronage was provided by the monastic institutions, for whom sculptors executed large relief carvings for the decoration of church portals and richly ornate capitals for cloisters† (Cleaver 156) Another aspect of the Romanesque revival was the production of metalwork objects, of which many outstanding examples, such as crucifixes, reliquary shrines, and candlesticks, are still preserved in church treasu ries. It wasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Medieval Art1111 Words   |  5 PagesIn the art world, the medieval periods were traditionally though to be the unproductive phase of Europe between the decline of Rome and the Renaissance. Our modern feelings toward medieval art are far more appreciative. The main intent of Medieval art was to express Christianity which was also a common bond between a wide spread and diverse Europe. For this reason most of the art found from medieval times originated in monasteries and churches. European art during the Middle Ages can be dividedRead MoreRelationship Between Religion and Art in Medieval, Renaissance and Contemporary Times2657 Words   |  11 Pagesold belief that a perfect soul meant a perfect outward appearance (Smart 122). She is famous and celebrated, and is visited by Christians from every nation. In another part of the world, The Holy Virgin Mary by Chris Ofili resides in the Brooklyn Art Museum. It is a painting of Mary atop a pile of elephant feces, the Virgin herself made with the same substance, while surrounded by cutouts from pornographic magazines. The work has stirred much controversy but today still sits in the museum for theRead MoreArt : Comparing Medieval Art to Renaissance Art1248 Words   |  5 PagesArt Appreciation Name: Chadwick West Instructor: xxxxxxxxxxxx Course: Art Appreciation, ART 137 School: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx December 19, 2012 Comparing Medieval Art to Renaissance Art Medieval art period Medieval art covers a large scope of time. The period covered over 1000 years of art in Europe, Middle East and North Africa. The period was characterized by major art movements based on national art and regional art. There was alsoRead MoreThe Heart : Reading And Writing The Medieval Subject976 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Heart: Reading and Writing the Medieval Subject†, written by Eric Jager, he states that in the world of visual art in the medieval era, â€Å"book of the heart† was a commonly used image. Mr. Jager point out the different trends the term â€Å"book of the heart† goes through. Focusing on how the term went from literal to a commonly used figurative phrase, he tries to show how a frequently used term made such an impact on the past and the present. Using medieval art, literature, and other authors’ worksRead MoreThe Importance Of Childhood In Medieval Art917 Words   |  4 Pagesearly paintings and pictures. Aries (1996) pointed out â€Å"Medieval art did until about the twelfth century did not know childhood or did not attempt to portray it† (p.33, which demonstrates that ancient artists did not view or assumed the value of childhood during the time. In this regard, this paper outlines how medieval art disregarded the importance of childhood by ignoring it and portraying children as a less important aspect of their art. Art is believed to have started way before the coming of ChristRead MoreEssay on Innovation During the Middle Ages 2066 Words   |  9 PagesThe Middle Ages, contrary to its name, was a dynamic period of innovations. Throughout this period, visual arts were employed to communicate important messages to the public as well as private wealthy patrons. A variety of mediums were used to disseminate ideas. Though, the sense of decorum shifted, the purpose of these moralizing images of religious figures remained the same. Art was, as it still is an extremely useful and powerful tool for both religious and political advancements. The two piecesRead MoreArt : An Important Center Of European Medieval Art1015 Words   |  5 PagesIt is amazing how something that is recognized as an important center of European Medieval art is looked upon by most of the world as a place where you can snap a cool picture of yourself ‘leaning’ on the Tower of Pisa. A place detailed, yet decayed†¦ a place with four monuments, yet recognized as one center†¦ a place representing life, yet death. The aura surrounding this square makes me just want to sit on the grass and read or write or think. I just want the stony intricate building to envelop myRead MoreEssay on Medieval vs. Renaissance Art887 Words   |  4 PagesMedieval vs. Renaissance Art Art during the Italian Renaissance differed from art during the Middle Ages. The two have contrasting characteristics and concepts. To the people in the medieval world, religion was their life. Everything in daily life focused around the church and God (Modern World 164). Medieval culture influenced the arts; this was evident in the religious themes. During the Italian Renaissance, painters and other artists focused on the portrayal of a more humanistic way ofRead MoreEssay about The Medieval Synthesis in the Arts 1023 Words   |  5 PagesThe Medieval Synthesis in the Arts ca. (1000-1300) thirteen century Gothic Church. The Chartres Cathedral Church is one of the most important in France. After a fire in 1134 destroy the town of Chartres the west front of the cathedral. The rebuilding of the west facade between 1145-50. It was once known as Notre Dame de Chartres but today is known as Chartres Cathedral. This church has the essential parts of a Christian basilica. The cathedr al is locates in the town of Chartres, Northwester FranceRead MoreMedieval Art And Architecture Of The Gothic Architecture909 Words   |  4 PagesThe term Gothic comes from Giorgio Vaasari, he used the term to ridicule the medieval art and architecture. Putting the art aside, the architecture of the period was quite awesome, cathedrals stand today as a testament to this. The Gothic style was birthed in France as the Romanesque style evolved. The Saint-Denis was the first Gothic cathedral; it was designed Abbot Suger in 1144. Gothic Cathedrals were marvels in their time as they towered above the cities, they frequently reached over 150 meters

Vernacular Architecture Of The Past For The Future

RELATIONSHIP TO COUNTRY: †¨VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF THE PAST FOR THE FUTURE ________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Vernacular architecture, the simplest form of addressing human needs. Vernacular architecture originated when mankind was forced to make use of the natural resources around him, and provide himself shelter and comfort which is responsive to the climate. If anything to be taken from vernacular architecture, it provides a vital connection between humans and the environment. In this study Vernacular architecture could interchangeably understood as ‘ethno-architecture’ or ‘Aboriginal Architecture’. Paul Memmott defines Aboriginal ‘architecture’ as one that has been created and built by the users, adjusted as required to suit their own lifestyle and changing needs, and supportive of their own social organisation and interaction - all done with their own technologies, labour and skills, and drawing where appropriate on their custody traditions (Memmot,2007, p.4). The title ‘Aboriginal architecture’ has been reserved describing buildings which are concerned with the expression, representation and symbolic meaning of cultural identity for aboriginal people. The outcome of this paper is to study on the design approaches and concepts that are used in buildings that claims to be ‘Aborig inal’ include the use of models based on traditional Aboriginal shelters, representations of Dreamtime Ancestors, and interpretations ofShow MoreRelatedInteraction between Society, Economy and Environment1071 Words   |  4 Pagesthough villagers sell their own products to tourists and it will be a source of income for them but this economy factors influenced on their culture and the image of the village and made it a modern bazaar. It is proposed that for the sustainability future development in tourism in this area, planning should consider the inclusion of local people and their opinion. Factors that shape the context of now a days javaherdeh: Dwelling as a major part of city’s context, and as a character building elementRead MoreHistory Begins At Home : Remember1917 Words   |  8 Pagesconnection with the past, be it lives, deaths, victories, or losses. All that is required for something to be historic is for an idea of the past to be able to be constructed out of it. But limited resources force difficult decisions, and now the debate between preservationists, homeowners, and developers in regards to what is worthy of preservation is more embattled than ever. Perhaps the most prevalent of these controversies is that which surrounds vernacular architecture, or the physical recordRead More Architecture, Power, and National Identity Essay examples2166 Words   |  9 Pageseven at present day, Malaysia’s national identity remains unsettled. Architecture plays an important role in achieving national identity and this essay aims to discuss the significant events that transpire throughout the history of the country that contributed in shaping and altering Malaysian vernacular architecture as well as to examine why Malaysia’s national identity still remains unsettled. The role of vernacular architecture in the 21st century has been kept to a minimum, given the practiceRead MoreThe Influence Of Corbusier And India On Corbusier1498 Words   |  6 PagesCORBUSIER AND MODERNISM IN INDIA Exploring the Influence of Corbusier in India and India on Corbusier Post World War II, Indian architecture was already on its way towards modernism and was being shaped by western ideologies. After independence in 1947, the Indian government voted on the reconstruction of Chandigarh which was to be designed as a new idyllic city. Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki were first commissioned to design the city but after Nowicki suddenly died, in 1951 Le CorbusierRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company1449 Words   |  6 Pageshis own brand of architecture that he could peddle to the masses and, after time, his corporate investors. The Walt Disney Company, has since become an empire, and from the help of Michael Eisner during the Disney decade, a brand that cannot be easily avoided. Its presence has sprung up world-wide with no indication of slowing. The parks have transformed into a vernacular that can set up shop in any international environment. Unlike the buildings we commonly design today, Disneyland’s have littleRead MoreThe Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center2950 Words   |  12 Pagespopulations. (Piano Building Workshop) The Center was built as an undertaking by the French Government during the negotiations of independence from France. The territory of New Caledonia wanted a Kanak Cultural Centre that would be dedicated to the future development of the culture as inspired by Jean-Marie Tjibaou. (Architectura) In 1990 as part of France’s president at the time, Francois Mitterrand’s â€Å"grand travaux† or â€Å"grand works†, an international invitation-only tender was established for theRead MoreDifferent Climatic Conditions For Marine Desert Areas6797 Words   |  28 Pagesclimatic conditions that cover Iraq (Baghdad Erbil) regions as well as the corresponding climate-responsive vernacular dwellings. And shows that neglect the vernacular architectural can have negative consequences not only at this time, but in the future too, and that will affect on the culture, society, economy and environment of the entire country then in a world. The vernacular architecture strategies differ from one country to the other, but sometimes were be similar due to the local climate toRead MoreEssay on Modern Architecture2477 Words   |  10 PagesAs some critics contended, postmodernism represents a break with the modernist notion that architecture should be technologically rational, austere and functional, discuss the ways in which one postmodern architect has developed strategies which overcome these tendencies. Juxtaposition is seen between the characteristics of early 20th century modern architecture and the artistic endeavours of postmodernism that followed. To represent the ‘Less is More’ (R.Venturi, 1966, pg16) notion the modernistRead MoreAnalyzing The Evangelist Portraits By The Codex Amiatinus1683 Words   |  7 Pagespage are considered as multivalent and exegetically sophisticated images that (re)present the structural concepts that embody and actualise the Church, simultaneously presenting them in its past, present and future iterations. Moving from the early scholarship that addressed the classical exemplars or vernacular idiom of the illuminated pages this paper will discuss the spatial and temporal complexities produced in the pages of Amiatinus. A fundamental aspect of the discussion is the locus of the sacredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Collage City 2305 Words   |  10 PagesColin Rowe and Fred Koetter co-authored the book Collage City which was published by the MIT press in 1978. The authors were both professors at the Cornell University at the time. Rowe is acknowledged as a major intellectual influence on world architecture and urbanism in the second half of the twentieth century and beyond. He is known for his non-linear comparisons of examples. In The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa (1947) in which he theorized that there were compositional rules in Palladio’s

Spaghetti Westerns Essay Research Paper Which is free essay sample

Spaghetti Westerns Essay, Research Paper Which is the cheesiest? The reply is reasonably obvious, but allow? s take a stopping point expression. ? Spaghetti Westerns, ? as their called, are a genre of western movies, that have been created or filmed in Italy and are meant to portray the? Wild West? of America. ? Macaroni Westerns, ? as I? ll name them, do up the traditional western genre, made in the United States. Let? s take a expression at the similarities and differences of these genres, and at two movies in peculiar that represent each genre ; The Good the Bad and the Ugly ( 1966 ) and Rio Bravo ( 1959 ) , which most critics will hold, are great illustrations of each genre. Let? s start with the most obvious facet that differs in the two genres. ? Macaroni Westerns? are the cheesiest. These movies have are pure cheese. I can hardly sit through one of them. They have the typical characters ; the hero ( s ) , the bad cat ( s ) , the just maiden, and the far-out buddy ( s ) . These characters spout out cheesy lines, showing how good or how bad they are, but they linguistic communication ever remains basically clean. In the Spaghetti Westerns, the linguistic communication is a batch more diverse ( tonss of cursing ) . This is because each of these genres drama to a different audience. The? Macaroni Westerns? are household movies. They present right, incorrect, and have many ethical motives played out, such as, ? no affair how many bad people are seeking to kill you, you can take them all on if you wear a badge and talk like John Wayne. ? The? Macaroni Westerns? were typically household films, because it was typical Hollywood ( functioning to the multitudes, whatever sells large ) . Violence, profanity, and non holding blatantly evil and good characters, wasn? T merchandising at the clip, so we got? Macaroni. ? The ? Spaghetti Westerns, ? on the other manus, were non seeking to delight everybody. ( merely the Italian bullies ) Sure, these Westerns took a batch from the traditional Westerns, but they break off from the traditional? Macaroni Horse operas? in many ways. ( which we shall shortly see ) The? Spaghetti Westerns? drama to a more broad audience. They had a batch more originative autonomy. Let? s take a expression at the aforesaid movies in footings of secret plan, framing, redaction, sound and filming. The secret plan in Rio Bravo is your typical American western. It is a? struggle between civilized order and the lawless frontier. ? ( Bordwell/Thompson p.56 ) We have our heros and bad cats laid out before us in black and white. ? Colorado? is the typical hero who tries to remain out of the struggle and so finally sides with civilised order. ? Dude? is another hero who fallows the same way. Our bad cats are made obvious from the early minutes of the movie by agencies of a slaying. There isn? T much to inquire approximately. In The Good the Bad and the Ugly, everything International Relations and Security Network? T laid out for us from the beginning. Our? good cat? International Relations and Security Network? T revealed till rather a ways into the movie. In this movie, we get a reasonably good thought who the worst cat is, but we are left to invariably inquire where one of the chief characters bases, or if he will finally go? good. ? We are forced to analyze each character more as they develop, to cognize who they are. In Rio Bravo, you don? T give it a 2nd idea. Rio Bravo introduces the secret plan motive at the really get downing. The bad cat is in gaol, and the heros have to maintain him at that place till the marshal arrives. In The Good the Bad and the Ugly, the motive is revealed as the 200,000 dollars, but most of the characters wear? T know about it for half the movie. This movie seems to stretch things out like that. Now allow? s take a expression at the framing. In Rio Bravo, the framing seems to be really simple. The chief character is ever in the centre of the frame unless another character is coming into the frame. In The Good the Bad and the Ugly, there is much more usage lt ;< p>of set framing. Many scenes and sequences are framed through window, back streets and room accesss. This type of bordering seems to draw you into the movie much more. It creates bordering in the same manner that we frame things in the existent universe. Besides, in The Good the Bad and the Ugly, there are many more close ups than Rio Bravo, as good every bit many extreme close ups that let you catch little oculus and facial motions. Following Lashkar-e-Taiba? s discuss redacting. The Good the Bad and the Ugly have, in general, much longer shootings than Rio Bravo does. These highly long shootings are set together into highly long scenes ; once more, much longer than Rio Bravo. Both of these movies use great sums of continuity redacting. That? s about every bit far as Rio Bravo goes. The Good the Bad and the Ugly, goes much further with it? s usage of in writing redacting. One sees in writing lucifers once more and once more in this movie. One great usage of in writing matching occurs when a character points his gun towards the camera, so that we stare down the barrel, so the movie cuts to a cannon? s barrel confronting us and firing straight at us. Another great illustration would be the lucifer between the Equus caballuss legs on the street and the hoods legs as they walk down the hall toward one of our chief characters. When we hear the Equus caballuss legs halt, we see the hoods legs halt. This helps the audience make the connexion that the hoods merely move when there is noise to cover the sound of their stairss. Another piece of redacting that we should take a expression at are the slices. Slice in? s and Fad out? s are really typical in Westerns, and we see them in both of these western genres, although there are significantly less slices in The Good the Bad and The Ugly, than in Rio Bravo. Sound, and more specifically, music, is really of import for the overall feel of the movie. In Rio Bravo, we have traditional state cheese music, including the ol? sing-a-long platitude? . This is perfect for the cheese that we see and hear from the characters. The music in The Good the Bad and the Ugly is much different. It is much more dramatic and orchestrated. It seems like more dateless music. An exclusion would be the subject music that appears when something? cool? is about to or presently go oning. These eerie whistle-like sounds cut through everything and allow us cognize when something of import is go oning. Let? s now move to illuming. This is an country where we see more major differences between the two movies. Rio Bravo uses the traditional three light system of character illuming. There is the cardinal visible radiation, the fill visible radiation and the back visible radiation. This creates full and soft characteristics for the characters. The Good the Bad and The Ugly is a far throw from this manner. In most of the scenes there is merely one major visible radiation beginning. ( cardinal visible radiation ) There is normally a strong key visible radiation, no back visible radiation, and really small, if any, fill visible radiation. This makes for dark shadows and crisp characteristics. This creates really dramatic illuming for the scenes. Everything seems more intense and powerful. Let? s non forget Cinematography. How about some generalisations. Many of the shootings from The Good the Bad and the Ugly have a really deep deepness of focal point compared to a much more shallow deepness of focal point in Rio Bravo. There are besides much deeper rapid climbs in The Good the Bad and the Ugly than in Rio Bravo. There are besides many platitudes that we need to discourse. First of all, allow? s talk about the names and nick-names. In Rio Bravo, all of the heros have? clever? small names. We hold Chance, Colorado, Dude, and Stumpy. We see these type of names show up in The Good the Bad and the Ugly. In this movie we have, Blondie, Angel Eyes, and Shorty ( non present really long ) . Another platitude is the? bad cat gets changeable and falls from high above the land to his death. ? In both movies we see this drama true as bad cats autumn from balks and edifices.

Nature and Purpose of Planning free essay sample

It is a blue print of business growth and a road map of development. * the conscious, systematic process of making decisions about goals and activities to be pursued in the future. * It helps in deciding objectives both in quantitative and qualitative terms. * It is setting of goals on the basis of objectives and keeping in view the resources. * It predicts what the future should look like. Formal procedures used in such an endeavor, such as the creation of documents, diagrams, or meetings to discuss the important issues to be addressed, the objectives to be met, and the strategy to be followed. is also a management process, concerned with defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and resources to be used in order to attain those goals. To meet the goals, managers may develop plans such as a business plan or a marketing plan. Planning always has a purpose. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature and Purpose of Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The purpose may be achievement of certain goals or targets. The planning helps to achieve these goals or target by using the available time and resources. To minimize the timing and resources also require proper planning. The concept of planning is to identify what the organization wants to do by using the four questions which are * where are we today in terms of our business or strategy planning? * Where are we going?. . . Where do we want to go?. . . How are we going to get there? Planning refers to the practice and the profession associated with the idea of planning (land use planning, urban planning or spatial planning). In many countries, the operation of a town and country planning system is often referred to as planning and the professionals which operate the system are known as planners.

The Plymouth Agreement Essays

The Plymouth Agreement Essays The Plymouth Agreement Essay The Plymouth Agreement Essay The Plymouth Agreement appears as a Organic Act document resembling a pseudo preamble. The very first statement in the document contains a legal oath made between residents â€Å" We, the associates of New-Plymouth†that found a people†(19) â€Å"Coming hither as freeborn† defines who they are as legal freeman who sworn an oath. it creates a citizen with political rights and duties†(Lutz15) â€Å"subjects of the State of England† claims loyalty to there colonial charter sponsor England. The formation of government is stated clearly in â€Å"endowed with all and singular the privileges belonging to such being assembled;†(19) Enables a power base of government through contributors in the Assembly or Court . Generally when using the the terms they are usually connected with legal and religious oaths â€Å"doe ordaine Constitute and enact†(19) are seem to empower the assembly to be the ruling representative powerâ€Å"that noe act imposition law or ordinance be made or imposed upon us at present, or to come†(19) This statement shows contempt for any other power to reign supreme over assembly other then the England thus claiming a viable sovereignty. The people of Plymouth show a willingness to be governed over by a body of their peers through means of assembly using English common law â€Å"consent of the body of associates or their representatives legally assembled; which is according to the free liberties of England. †(19) The last statement recognizes England as the legitimate power and the†body of associates† as the standing power. When contrasting The Mayflower Compact with the Plymouth Agreement the first very important difference is a complete omission element of religious covenant in Plymouth agreement comparatively. Seemingly as if the religious covenant IE.. Mayflower Compact evolved into a legal covenant IE.. Plymouth Agreement. Second the actual signing of the Mayflower compact is to bind each freeborn citizen in public sight. The Plymouth took no such liberty in making a public list of signing. In comparison they both affirmed their loyalty to England. Although the Compact shows a much closer relationship between religion and loyalty to country and King specifically. Another similarity is the use of specific legal terms. This shows intention of government and constitution building using the common law system. The Plymouth Agreement implies that the people have a self understanding of the process involved in self governing. The ability of a country to be able become a sovereign entity is a long painful journey which will soon become war. During the writing of the document the creators felt as though they were in control of there destiny. And to a large extent they were actually more on there own then they realized. Another implication of there self understanding for example in The Mayflower Compact each member signed and proclaimed an oath of responsibility to God and King . In the Plymouth Agreement the less formal process of signing and taking an oath implies that the memberships understanding of each other was more confident each others ability to take anonymous responsibility. First the direction that they as town and community were progressing. Second to make correct judgments in holding the legal system together. This implies a great deal of trust in each other to remain grounded and not allow fellow freeman to become to powerful. This document really shows a great deal of intention to become a sovereign power using very politically charged rhetoric.

Josephine Baker, Dancer, Singer, Activist, and Spy

Josephine Baker, Dancer, Singer, Activist, and Spy Josephine Baker (born Freda Josephine McDonald; June 3, 1906–April 12, 1975) was an American-born singer,  dancer, and civil rights activist who overwhelmed Parisian audiences in the 1920s to become one of the most popular entertainers in France. She spent her youth in poverty in the U.S. before learning to dance and finding success on Broadway, then moving to France. When racism soured her return to the U.S., she took up the cause of civil rights. Fast Facts: Josephine Baker Known For: Singer,  dancer, civil rights activistKnown As: â€Å"Black Venus,† â€Å"Black Pearl†Born: June 3, 1906 in St. Louis, MissouriParents: Carrie McDonald, Eddie CarsonDied: April 12, 1975 in Paris, FranceAwards and Honors: Croix de Guerre,  Legion of HonourSpouses: Jo Bouillon,  Jean Lion,  William Baker,  Willie WellsChildren: 12 (adopted)Notable Quote: Beautiful? Its all a question of luck. I was born with good legs. As for the rest...beautiful, no. Amusing, yes. Early Life Josephine Baker was born Freda Josephine McDonald on June 3, 1906, in St. Louis, Missouri. Bakers mother Carrie McDonald had hoped to be a music hall dancer but made her living doing laundry. Her father Eddie Carso, was a drummer for  vaudeville  shows. Baker left school at age 8 to work for a white woman as a maid. At the age of 10, she returned to school. She witnessed the East St. Louis  race riot of 1917 before running away when she was 13. After watching the dancers in a local vaudeville house and honing her skills in clubs and street performances, she toured the United States with the Jones Family Band and the Dixie Steppers, performing comedic skits. Getting Started At 16, Baker began dancing in a touring show based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where her grandmother lived. By this time, she had already been married twice: to Willie Wells in 1919 and to Will Baker, from whom she took her last name, in 1921. In August 1922, Baker joined the chorus line of the touring show  Shuffle Along in Boston, Massachusetts before moving to New York City to perform with the  Chocolate Dandies  at the Cotton Club and with the floor show at the Plantation Club in Harlem. Audiences loved her clowning, mugging, improvising comic style, foreshadowing her style as an entertainer. Paris In 1925 Baker moved to Paris, France, more than doubling her New York salary to $250 a week to dance at the Thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre des Champs Elysà ©es in La Revue Nà ¨gre  with other African-American dancers and musicians, including jazz star Sidney Bechet. Her performance style, referred to as Le Jazz Hot and Danse Sauvage, took her to international fame riding the wave of French intoxication for American jazz and exotic nudity. She sometimes performed wearing just a feather skirt. She became one of the most popular music-hall entertainers in France, achieving star billing at the  Folies-Bergà ¨re dancing seminude in a G-string ornamented with bananas. She quickly became the favorite of artists and intellectuals such as painter  Pablo Picasso, poet E.E. Cummings,  playwright  Jean Cocteau, and writer  Ernest Hemingway. Baker became one of the best-known entertainers in France and all of Europe, her exotic, sensual act reinforcing the creative forces coming out of the Harlem Renaissance in America. She sang professionally for the first time in 1930 and made her screen debut four years later, appearing in several films before  World War II  curtailed her movie career. Return to the US In 1936, Baker returned to the United States to perform in the  Ziegfield Follies, hoping to establish herself in her home country, but she was met with hostility and racism and quickly went back to France. She married French industrialist Jean Lion and obtained citizenship from the country that had embraced her. During the war, Baker worked with the Red Cross and gathered intelligence for the French Resistance during the German occupation of France, smuggling messages hidden in her sheet music and her underwear. She also entertained troops in Africa and the Middle East. The French government later honored her with the  Croix de Guerre  and the  Legion of Honour. Baker and her fourth husband, Joseph †Jo† Bouillon, bought an estate she named Les Milandes in Castelnaud-Fayrac, in southwestern France. She moved her family there from St. Louis and, after the war, adopted 12 children from around the world, making her home a world village and a showplace for brotherhood. She returned to the stage in the 1950s to finance this project. Civil Rights Baker was in the U.S. in 1951 when she was refused service at the famous Stork Club in New York City. Actress Grace Kelly, who was at the club that evening, was disgusted by the racist snub and walked out arm in arm with Baker in a show of support, the start of a friendship that would last until Baker’s death. Baker responded to the event by crusading for racial equality, refusing to entertain in clubs or theaters that werent integrated and breaking the color barrier at many establishments. The media battle that followed almost triggered revocation of her visa by the State Department. In 1963, she spoke at the March on Washington at the side of Martin Luther King Jr. Bakers world village fell apart in the 1950s. She and Bouillon divorced, and in 1969 she was evicted from her chateau, which was sold at auction to pay debts. Kelly, by then princess Grace of Monaco, gave her a villa. In 1973 Baker became romantically involved with American Robert Brady and began her stage comeback. Death In 1975, Bakers Carnegie Hall comeback performance was a success. In April she performed at the Bobino Theater in Paris, the first of a planned series of appearances celebrating the 50th anniversary of her Paris debut. But two days after that performance, on April 12, 1975, she died of a stroke at 68 in Paris. Legacy On the day of her funeral, over 20,000 people lined the streets of Paris to witness the procession. The French government honored her with a 21-gun salute, making her the first American woman to be buried in France with military honors. Baker had remained a bigger success abroad than in her home country. Racism tainted her return visits until her Carnegie Hall performance, but she had a profound influence worldwide as an African-American woman who had overcome a childhood of deprivation to become a dancer, singer, actress, civil rights activist, and even a spy. Sources Josephine Baker Biography: Singer, Civil Rights Activist, Dancer. Biography.com.Josephine Baker: French Entertainer. Encyclopedia Britannica.Josephine Baker Biography. Notablebiographies.com.Dancer, Singer, Activist, Spy: The Legacy of  Josephine Baker. Anothermag.com.Josephine Baker: The Black Venus. Filmstarfacts.com

Sexual Harassment lawsuits often include wrongful discharge Essay

Sexual Harassment lawsuits often include wrongful discharge - Essay Example More specifically, after announcing the relevant decision, an employee has to leave his/ her work without – practical – having any financial claim (compensation, lost benefits and so on) against the employer. Of course, the fact that employee was forced to quit – i.e. that it was not his/ her own willing but the result of the pressure made on him/ her because of specific facts taking place in the workplace – maybe leave space for relevant claims. In law, such a situation is commonly known as constructive wrongful discharge; employees that were forced to quit do not always manage to persuade the court regarding the facts on which their decision was based – i.e. a constructive wrongful discharge is rather difficult to be proved in practice; as a result an employee who suffered sexual harassment can be left with no work and no compensation even if he/ she had no other alternative but to proceed to the specific reaction (i.e. to quit). The specific issue has been extensively examined in the Courts across USA; the court’s decisions tend to vary in accordance with the circumstances of each particular case and the ability of the employee to convince the Court regarding the real facts of the particular conflict. In any case it has been proved that sexual harassment lawsuits are based on their majority on constructive wrongful discharge. The various aspects of sexual harassment are not particular difficult to be understood. They can involve in both verbal and actual harassment that is characterized by sexual references by the other employee’s (including the manager’s) side. The specific issue (sexual harassment is not easy to be described and analyzed especially if taking into account the conditions in modern workplace). In accordance with Feary (1994, 649) ‘sexual harassment does not result from ignorance about fact or law; it is a problem which will be resolved only when

Periodic and families relationship of typical element Lab Report

Periodic and families relationship of typical element - Lab Report Example The report focus on demonstrating that most element within the same family or group exhibit similarity in their chemical reactions. Across the period, however, they show very different chemical behavior. These similarities and differences helps in grouping, and classifying the elements on the periodic table . (GreenWood) Materials involved in the experiment are standard laboratory equipment, samples of Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (Al), Carbon(C), Sulfur(S), and water (H2O). Each element is then burnt in oxygen, and later further adding water and acid test their resulting oxides. The data and observations are as follows If a little quantity sodium is burnt in air, it often burns with an orange glow. A larger quantity of sodium burns with a strong orange flame in oxygen. The result is usually a white solid mixture of sodium oxide and in some instances, sodium peroxide is produced. (van Spronsen) Sodium and Cesium are metals from group 1 elements on the periodic table. Cesium is more reactive than Sodium. These elements burn in oxygen to produce metal dioxides. Potassium is also an element in this group. Magnesium belongs to group 2 in the periodic table; it is reacted with Oxygen to form Magnesium Oxide. The chemical properties of elements in this group are marked by the high reducing power of these metals. It is worth to note that these elements are more electropositive down the Group. Metals of this group react vigorously with oxygen. (Mazurs) Group 1 and group 2 elements are metallic by nature; they burn in Oxygen to produce Metal Oxide. When these metals are put in water, they form basic substances. Aluminum is also classified as a metal, although and it belongs to group 3 called transitional metals in the periodic table. Aluminum Oxide though form amphoteric substance since it reacts as both the basic and acid. In the reactivity series, Aluminum metal is less reactive with Oxygen compared to both Sodium and Magnesium. As with all

Glorious Celebration Essay Example for Free

Glorious Celebration Essay Maya Angelou, born Marguerite Johnson, is regarded as one of the celebrated American writers alive. Besides writing a lot of memorable works, she is also the subject of other authors who have written a lot about her life and works. There is her biography written by two of her friends, Marcia Gillespie and Richard Long, along with her nephew Rosa Butler. Mary Jane Lupton writes a biography-cum-writer’s guide on Maya Angelou’s works. L. Patricia Kite also writes a similar book depicting her life story and so does Jill Egan who highlighted the trials Angelou went through but also the triumphs as well. In his work, Jeffrey Elliot compiled interviews made by several authors on Maya Angelou to create a verbal mosaic of the life and works of the writer. Lyman Hagen makes a critical analysis of her works and managed to find the â€Å"secret† behind the success of Angelou. Priscilla Ramsey makes a critical analysis of Angelou’s poems in a journal. Another analysis is made by William Sylvester. Carol Neubauer analyzes one of her works, The Heart of a Woman to understand the woman behind the words. Sidonie Ann Smith wrote an analysis of Angelou’s first work The Song of a Caged Bird which centers on self-acceptance. Gillespie, M. , Butler, R. J. and Long, R. A. (2008). Maya Angelou: A Glorious Celebration. New York: Doubleday. This biography was written by her friends Gillespie and Long with her nephew Butler. This was written and published in celebration of Angelou’s 80th birthday and as the title of the book suggests, it has been 80 glorious years of her life though it has had its ups and downs as the authors hold nothing back in relating the colorful life of one of America’s celebrated literary artists. The book covers the traumatic experience she had at a young age to the beginning of her literary talents during her adolescence; she ventured briefly into acting and took part in the civil rights movement, rubbing elbows with Martin Luther King and Malcolm X until the time she took part in the inauguration of President Bill Clinton. Though Angelou had a troubled youth, she moved on and it was through literature that she was able to pull through and used it as her vehicle to express happiness and optimism. Lupton, M. J. (1998). Maya Angelou: A Critical Companion. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Lupton provides a critical analysis of Angelou’s 5-volume autobiography. For each one, she provides an general overview, a background of the story. This would be followed by an analysis of various points of view like a narrative in the case of Heart of a Woman then describe the structure of the story where patterns are found. Then there is a plot development which focuses on revealing the character of the subject followed by a character development which reveals the character’s personality as the story develops. Then there is the thematic issues which identifies the theme of the story. This is followed by styles and literary devices which describes what devices were deployed by Angelou. This book would be a reliable guide to anyone who reads Angelou and needed a quick reference to its technical aspects besides the stories themselves. Kite, L. P. (2006). Maya Angelou. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company. This book is a biography of Angelou. The author touches on the personal aspects of Angelou’s life. She starts the story in 1993, the day Angelou recited a poem at President Bill Clinton’s inauguration and segues back to the day she was born and moving progressively to 1996. Her poems are mentioned here but not fully presented. This book caters mainly to elementary school students and serves as an ideal starter for anyone who appreciates poetry and will be surely inspired after reading Angelou’s story. Egan, J. (2009). Maya Angelou. A Creative and Courageous Voice. Pleasantsville, New York: Gareth Stevens Publishing. As the title suggests, this book mainly tackles the life and times of Maya Angelou. In the nine chapters of this book, Egan takes the reader on a journey covering the life and times of Angelou which is fraught with trials and tribulations but also of the courage to go one despite its presence. In the chapter â€Å"Finding Her Voice† was the start of Angelou’s literary career which was meant to be a form of therapy but later on became her calling. In the latter chapter, â€Å"A Glorious Legacy,† she turned to writing greeting cards for Hallmark not because she needed a job but for the love of writing and the celebration of life. Elliot, J. M. (Editor). (1989). Conversations with Maya Angelou. Jackson City: University of Mississippi Press. Elliot has compiled several interviews made by selected authors with Maya Angelou. Each interview or conversation tells the same story. It is about the triumph over adversity and her works serve as her vehicle of conveying that message. Angelou also clarified that her works are not exclusively dedicated to African-Americans though she lived through the turbulent times with them, but for all mankind. This book is ideal for scholars and students who wish to gain more insight to the woman behind remarkable works. Hagen, L. B. (1997). Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer and Soul of a Poet. Lanham Maryland: University Press of America. Hagen’s work is a critical analysis of the works of Maya Angelou. The first chapter is devoted to telling her life story. Chapter 2 reveals Angelou’s â€Å"secrets† to her very successful works which is the use of humor to offset the trying times she had gone through in her life instead of dwelling on the hurts of her past. The rest of the chapters makes an analysis of her works – her autobiographies and her poems as well as other aspects of Angelou’s multi-faceted life. These are purely analysis and do not give the full text of her works save for excerpts used in making the analyses. Ramsey, P. R. (1984). Transcendence: The Poetry of Maya Angelou. Current Bibliography on African Affairs 17 (2). 139-153. Priscilla Ramsey makes an in-depth analysis on the poems of Maya Angelou. Angelou’s poems are grounded on the reality of life as she has experienced them. Angelou uses her poems as a means to express her thoughts and sentiments not only about her own life but also the events that were unfolding around her from segregation to the civil rights movement. Angelou has practically employed every known literary device to be able to write elaborate poems that pretty much capture life the way she has seen it through her own eyes. Sylvester, W. (1995). Maya Angelou: An Overview. In T. Riggs (Editor) Contemporary Poets. New York: St. James Press. Sylvester gives an overall analysis of the poems of Maya Angelou. While doing so, he highlighted events in Angelou’s life which have had a profound influence on her, from William Shakespeare which she confessed was her â€Å"first love† to her involvement in the civil rights movement as an organizer working alongside Martin Luther King. Sylvester reveals that her poems are uniquely hers and are not imitations of other works as revealed with unique words she used. Neubauer, C. E. (1983). Displacement and Autobiographical Style in Maya Angelou’s Heart of a Woman. Black American Literature Forum 17 (3). 123-129. Neubauer makes an in-depth analysis of one of Angelou’s work Heart of a Woman which is more of an autobiography. Her starting point is the time she already reached adulthood, highlighting her different careers especially in one of the turbulent times not only of her life but to all black Americans for this was the civil rights movement. She uses her own life experience to mirror how â€Å"little people† felt. She provides a grassroots level view of the things happening in society here through her own eyes. She also compared and contrasted the styles of two of its prominent movers, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, finding the latter more congenial. Smith, S. A. (1973) The Song of a Caged Bird: Maya Angelous Quest after Self-Acceptance. The Southern Humanities Review. 365-375. This is another analysis of a work by Maya Angelou. From the year, one can tell this is one of the earliest analysis made and this is â€Å"fresh† from the recent events of the previous decade where Angelou had been very active in the civil rights movement. But this story highlights the childhood of Angelou which was anything but happy. Her youth is a journey to freedom from â€Å"imprisonment† caused by misery and highlighted moments of struggle as she moved on until she finally attained the freedom she sought and it all boil down to self-acceptance. Angelou’s story is not a mere autobiography but also serves as a lesson in life where self-acceptance is the main theme and one of the keys to coping with life’s problems.

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Impact of Fate :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Oedipus The King and His Fate Oedipus The King, by Sophocles, is a play about how Oedipus lives up his fate that he will kill his father and marry his mother, both of which are extremely bad in the Greek society, even though he thinks he is getting away from it. Despite the Greek notions of supreme power of the gods and fate, Oedipus' downfall is primarily the result of King Laius' and his own actions and attempts to defy the gods, consequently Sophocles says that prophecies from the gods of someone's fate should not be ignored. Prophecies from the Oracle of Delphi are told to King Laius and Queen Jocasta, and to Oedipus. Sophocles says that prophecies from the gods of someone's fate should not be ignored when King Laius went to the Oracle of Delphi and received a prophecy that his child, Oedipus, was going to kill him and marry his wife, Jacosta. " Shepherd - No! No! I said it before--I gave him the child...It was the son of Laius, so I was told. But the lady inside, your wife, she is the one to tell you. Oedipus - Did she give it to you? Shepherd - Yes, my lord, she did...To destroy it...She was afraid of dreadful prophecies...The child would kill its parents, that was the story. Oedipus - Then why did you give it to this old man here? Shepherd - In pity master. I thought he would take it away to a foreign country-- to the place he came from. If you are the man he says you are, you were born the most unfortunate of men." (86-89) When King Laius heard this prophecy and returned to Thebes to tell of this prophecy to his wife, they planned to kill their child, but neither had the guts to do it. They had a servant shepherd bring their child to Mt. Cithaeron to kill it, but the servant felt pity for the child and gave him to a fellow Shepherd from Corinth in hopes he could take it to a foreign country to take care of it. Sophocles says that prophecies from the gods of someone's fate should not be ignored when he tells that when Oedipus was in the care of his foster parents, Polybus and Merope, he took a journey to The Oracle of Delphi without them knowing.

Is Compassion Really a Crime? Essay

Imagine standing in a hospital room watching a man suffer in agonizing pain day after day and not being able to do anything about it. This is the situation that Barbara Huttmann faces in her essay â€Å"A Crime of Compassion.† Huttmann, a nurse, is forced to watch Mac live in agonizing pain without legally being able to let him die. The message that she displays in her essay is suffering people should be permitted to die if they aspire to do so. Using various rhetorical devices, Huttmann portrays her message by first introducing Mac to the reader, then illustrating his suffering and finally letting him die. Huttmann opens her essay by introducing Mac, a young police officer who is diagnosed with lung cancer. She uses imagery to recall the day that Mac first â€Å"walked into the hospital with 32 pounds of attack equipment, looking as if he could singlehandedly protect the whole city, if not the whole state† (420). This image allows the reader to visualize and characterize Mac prior to his cancer. Contrastingly, Huttman later illustrates the Mac’s condition six months after he is diagnosed. At this point Mac has lost â€Å"his youth, his wit, his macho, his hair, his bowel and bladder control, his sense of taste and smell and his ability to do even the slightest thing for himself† (420). Huttmann creates contrasting images to show the horrific changes Mac has gone through due to his diagnosis. In the first image, Mac is depicted as a super heroic figure who is indestructible. As he enters the hospital, he carries with him a fearless attitude that enables people to look to him as a figure of protection. However, in the second image, his health has disintegrated and he has wasted away to nothingness. He can no longer perform basic tasks let alone protect anyone. While not yet relating to the message, these images begin to show the tragic course of events that Mac has fallen into in comparison to the previous state of his life. Huttmann continues her essay by illustrating Mac’s immense suffering. At this point, Mac â€Å"had wasted away to a 60-pound skeleton kept alive by liquid food [the nurses] poured down a tube, i.v. solutions [they] dripped into his veins, and oxygen [they] piped into a mask on his face† (420). This  hyperbole portrays the inhumane-like treatment Mac is receiving. The doctors and nurses are manually filling Mac’s body with the basic necessities of life just to keep him breathing. It is made clear to the reader that the life Mac is living, is not really living. He has essentially been reduced to a corpse that is unable to do anything but lie in pain. Everyday Mac’s body is being manipulated and preserved by the nurses, and every night Huttmann prayed that his â€Å"agonized† eyes would never again beg her to let him die (421). The word â€Å"agonized† implies his intense, prolonged state of suffering. Not only has his body shut down, taking with it his independence, but the medicine that the doctors are giving him to ease the pain have had no significant result. Due to his horrifying situation, Mac is left to lie still as he is consumed by immense pain. Following this scene, Huttmann questions what gives her along with other doctors and nurses the right to force life on someone who had begged to die. She describes the work of the doctors as â€Å"meddling† in the plans of God (421). Here, Huttmann is implying that the doctors have no right or invitation to prolong Mac’s life and are therefore unwantedly interfering with his fate. Through all of these devices, Huttmann is portraying the awful state of Mac and showing the reader that allowing him to die would be a permanent solution to all of his pain and suffering. Huttmann concludes the essay by describing how she was finally able to let Mac die. After the fifty second time he had stopped breathing, she held his hand and watched as his face transformed â€Å"from person to empty shell†. Huttmann is comparing Mac’s face to a shell that has been abandoned by its owner. Mac, a man who was once full of life, wishes, hopes and dreams, is now nothing but an empty body. All of the traits that had made him human, and given him value had at once visibly escaped his body and left behind it a corpse that feels no pain and is eternally at rest. This metaphor ends the essay and successfully delivers the message to the readers by giving them a sense of peace now that Mac’s constant state of agony has reached an end. By the end of her essay, â€Å"A Crime of Compassion†, Barbara Huttmann is successfully able to use rhetorical devices to convey her message that dying people should be allowed to die if they aspire to do so. It is made clear to  the readers that Mac’s life has drastically changed due to his cancer. He has gone from being a strong, fearless, super heroic figure, to being so ill he’s barely human, to finally being void of all life. Therefore it is indicates to the readers that Mac’s death was the only way to end his misery once and for all. Technically, Barbara Huttmann’s actions were illegal – she was not legally permitted to allow Mac to die. However, if her actions were morally just, do they really count as a crime?

Teenagers Woking and Studying in the Same Time

In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students for different reasons. They work either need money to help their parents or to get experience. Some people think that have job and study in same time is not a good idea, because can damage their grade. But, I think that this is a good idea. I believe that the money them earn is necessary to some teenager. In addition, the young people might learn some things in the practice before start the University. In my opinion, the teenagers become more responsible. In my country, Brazil, is very common teenagers work during the day and study at night. This young people generally need the money, because their families are very poor and can't afford all expenses. In this case, the student need work, otherwise they don't have possibility of study. Thus, is a good idea work, because working the student will be able to study, and in the future they will have a better job. Other reason is that they get experience earlier. The teenagers learn the things in practice before start the University. This may help them get better jobs in the future. I have some friends that during the high school have worked. As they start the course in the Universities, they already had a good job. Finally, in my view teenager have a job while they are students yet become them more responsible. I would like explain why. When the young work and study in the same time, they learn to manager their schedule to be able do all the things. As a result, they pass less time playing video game or in the internet. To sum up, although some people think that the teenager students should just study, I believe that is a great idea work while they are in the school.

The Rich Heritage And Culture Of Penang Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Rich Heritage And Culture Of Penang Tourism Essay Essay Example The Rich Heritage And Culture Of Penang Tourism Essay Essay The Rich Heritage And Culture Of Penang Tourism Essay Essay Penang frequently referred to as Pearl of the Orient is one of Malaysia s most visited tourer finishs. The rich heritage and civilization of Penang is really much reflected within its beautiful edifices and landmarks. Backpacker travel has become a favourite travel form for those who are capable of going independently. However, small has done so far in the backpacking land. The motive factors for travel will so be explored in two specific attacks. First, motive is examined more closely with mention to the demands and wants to go ( the push factors ) and 2nd, in footings of the appealing properties of Penang ( the pull factors ) . Goossens ( 2000 ) stated that push motivations have been utile for explicating the desire to travel on a holiday, while pull motivations have usefully explained the pick of finish. The formations of backpacker motive leads to a better apprehension of how push and pull factors influence Penang growing as an international touristry finish. Problem statement Harmonizing to Sorensen ( 2003 ) , South East Asia is the most popular part for international backpacker and that backpackers are ( future ) pillars of society. Even so, few figures document the growing of backpacker touristry, although it is estimated that backpackers account for 8 % of international tourers to Australia classs of conventional touristry statistics ( Loker-Murphy and Pearce 1995 in Sorensen, 2003 ) . However, in stead of quantitative verification, backpacker development can be seen turning with a figure of backpacker guidebooks such as Alone Planet and service substructure such as budget adjustment. Despite the fact that backpackers market in Penang can be developed into going an international backpacker touristry finish, small is known about the factors that influence tourer s trials, more specifically, backpackers determination to see Penang. Almost wherever it is feasible, authorities are actively prosecuting touristry growing in their states ( Scheyvens, 2002 ) . Governments are peculiarly interested in international touristry, believing that international touristry brings their states legion economic benefits including employment chances, concern development and foreign exchange net incomes. In footings of developing new markets in Malaysia, the focal point has been on international mass tourers. Musa and Lee ( 2008 ) suggested that touristry governments in Malaysia should happen ways to section its market and place new niche market sections so that the demands of tourers can be better satisfied. Herein, a section that has been mostly discouraged by touristry contrivers, no n merely in Malaysia, but besides in a figure of South-east Asiatic states is the backpacker section. This is supported by Ateljevic and Boorne ( 2004 ) , saying that authoritiess were frequently negative or impersonal every bit far as encouraging backpacker touristry was concerned. It has besides been hard to pull out backpackers from arrival statistics in order to gauge accurately the size and importance of this market. This probe seeks to foreground the demand for national and international research on backpackers by supplying some historical apprehension of this signifier of budget touristry and some nucleus informations on what motivates a backpacker to go. Furthermore, an scrutiny of the current literature on backpacker emphasiss that surveies tend to concentrate on the economic significance and impacts of backpacker touristry. Small systematic empirical research has been conducted to lend to an apprehension of the features, motives and behaviors of backpackers. Harmonizing to Richards and Wilson ( 2004 ) comparatively small empirical research was done on the immature independent traveller or the backpacker market. Besides, surveies have tended to associate to finishs such as Australia and South Africa. To aim Penang as an international backpacker touristry finish, it is hence critical to understand the motive of backpackers, specifically on what are the factors that pushed them to go and at the same time, what factors pushed them that create their purposes in taking Penang as their favourable backpacking finish. The fundamental of their motives which draw their perceptual experience of Penang as their finish lead to their travel determination devising. And this in return contributes to the state s development. Traditionally, push motivations have been usefully explained the desire to travel on a holiday, while pull motivations have usefully explained the pick of finish ( Cook, Yale A ; Marqua, 2006:43 ) . Analyzing the push and pull factors promises a better apprehension for touristry participants to advance and market Penang as an international backpacking touristry finish. The push and pull factors provide a utile attack for analyzing the motivational factors underlying tourer a nd trial behavior ( Kim, Lee A ; Kleosky, 2003 ) and therefore, resulted in their travel finish pick. Research aims To find the push factor that motivated a backpacker to go. To find the pull factors that Penang has that motivated backpacker to go. To place the relationship between finish pick and determination devising. Research inquiries What are the push factors that influenced backpackers determination to take a finish as their travel pick? What are the pull factors of Penang that influenced backpackers determination in taking Penang as their finish? What are the relationship between finish pick and determination devising? 1.3 Variables and suggested relationship among variables Independent Variable Determinants of travel ( Push factor ) Destination property ( Pull factor ) Destination-choice Dependent Variables Decision-making Made by backpackers whether to take Penang as their backpacking finish Figure 1: Variables used in this survey Definitions of footings Backpacking touristry Defined as an drawn-out, multi-destination travel, enduring several months or old ages, and is typically undertaken by Western young persons ( Noy, 2004 ) . Backpacker Tourism Research Australia defines a backpacker as a visitant who stayed at least one dark in backpacker/hostel adjustment during travel in Australia . Backpacker is characterized by budget-conciousness and a flexible touristry manner, with most participants going entirely or in little groups ( Scheyvens, 2003 ) . Motivation Can be described as the drive force within persons that impels them to action. This driving force is produced as a consequence of an unrealized demand ( Schiffman A ; Kanuk, 2000 ) . Push factors These factors describe how persons are pushed by motives variables. In other words, push motives are related to the tourer s desire, internal or emotional facets ( Yoon A ; Uysal, 2005 ) . Pull factors Pull factors refer to those forces that influence a individual s determination about of which specific finish is selected. Pull factors may be extremely personal every bit good as more generalised ( Kim Lee A ; Klenosky, 2003 ) . Finish attributes A uniquely complex merchandise of the touristry industry, consisting among other factors, an country s clime, substructure and superstructure, services and natural attractive forces ( Kim, 1998 ) . Decision doing Leads to the concluding pick of a travel finish which is influenced by a figure of psychological ( internal ) and non-psychological ( external ) variables ( Dellaert, Etterma A ; Lindh, 1998 ) . Destination pick Tourist s choice of a finish from a set of options which is determined by assorted motivational factors ( Hsu, Tsai and Wu, 2009 ) . Boundary lines Small sample size due to miss of work force and limited fund This restriction occurred when samples are targeted entirely at backpackers at Penang and hence, the surveies represent merely the motives of a little group of backpackers peculiarly in Penang merely. Data aggregation could non done with a large sample size as deficiency of work force to roll up informations and to administer questionnaires could non be done. As a consequence, generalisation could non be made and holistic consequence could non be achieved since the sample size is non diversified. In future, a survey possibly conducted in a larger population. Very few information on backpackers arrival in Penang every bit good as in Malaya Tourist reachings Numberss normally do non include backpacker reachings. In a statistic from the hotel tenancy rate, informations were merely gathered from hotel evaluation of one to five stars which excluded budget adjustments such as backpacker hostel and guesthouse. As a consequence of this, the exact figures of backpacker reaching in Penang could non be retrieved. Cooperation from budget adjustment proprietor seems to be hard Guesthouse proprietor sometimes do non give cooperation and they do non allow research to be done with their invitees in regard of their guest privateness. Cooperation from guesthouse proprietor is earnestly needed as targeted respondents would be backpackers and that research is conducted in the guesthouse if allowable. 1.6 Significance of survey The determination of this survey is indispensable because: It provides a agency for authorities to advance Penang as an international backpacker touristry finish. It is of import to analyze the push and pull motive factors in order to understand the demands and wants and therefore, advancing Penang consequently. Determine the best property of Penang that can pull backpackers. Acknowledge the factors that contribute to backpacker determination in taking Penang as their backpacking finish. Identify the parts of backpackers to Penang s local development. This survey is an geographic expedition that will assist academicians, practician, every bit good as determination shapers to be after effectual and efficient pattern to supply practical service quality solution toward run intoing client s satisfaction, demands and wants. 2.0 Review of related literature This chapter reviews the literature in the context of this survey. It presents the literature and information about travel motives specifically in this survey, push and pull factors which motivated backpackers to take up backpacking trip. These relationships are farther explored into how the factors influence their determination devising. The relationships between destination-choice and determination devising are farther explained below and eventually with a decision. 2.1 Motivation Motivation has been referred to as psychological or biological demands and wants, including built-in forces that arouse, direct, and incorporate a individual s behaviour and activity. This is strongly supported by Lee, Chen and Hua ( 2005 ) , saying that there must be a motive for each traveling form since it guides the activities of an single since motive maintain the activity traveling toward a certain accomplishment to predate interior bosom tracking. Different type of travellers exhibit important differences. Assorted people embark on journey for different grounds, and these experiences mean different things for them ( Uriely, Yonay A ; Simchai, 2002 ) Therefore, motive is considered to be the driving force that dominate the traveling form in order to fulfill one s desire and to increase self value. Peoples travel with different intents harmonizing to their demands and wants, and these demands and wants affect their motive to go. Correia et Al. ( 2007 ) agreed to this point and farther elaborate that people decide to go for different grounds and motivations which is perceived as forces to cut down a province of tensenesss. Determining the factors that influence people s pick of finish derived from the motive that one has. Harmonizing to Hsu et Al. ( 2009 ) , travel motive has been an of import country of survey in the touristry literature. The survey in this paper is based on the motive construct of push and pulls factors. As motive is a dynamic construct it may change from one individual to another, from one finish to another and from one decision-making procedure to the following. The push and pull factors provide a utile attack for analyzing the motives underlying tourer motive and how it influences the determination doing procedure as to whether take a peculiar finish as their backpacking finish pick. Lam A ; Hsu ( 2006 ) identifies that the underlying thought of the push and pull theoretical account is the decomposition of an person s pick of a travel finish into two forces. The first force pushes a tourist manner from place that derived from the general desire to travel and be someplace else, without stipulating where that may be. The 2nd force is of a part specific enticement that pulls a tourer towards a finish and are chiefly related to the sensed attraction of a finish ( Bansal A ; Eiselt, 2004 ) . These forces describe how persons are pushed by internal variables and how they are pulled by travel finish attributes. Lam and Hsu ( 2005 ) illustrated that the several push and pull factors of travel are due to the internal motivations of an person and the external forces of a finish. These factors guide people s attitudes and these attitudes so lead to behavioral purposes of taking a travel finish. The push motives have so been utile for explicating the desire for travel, while the pull motives were used to exemplify the existent property of a peculiar finish pick. 2.1.1 Determinants of travel as push factors Push factors have been conceptualized as motivational factors or demands that arise due to a disequilibrium or tenseness in the motivational system ( Kim, Lee A ; Klenosky, 2003 ) and they had since became the determiners of travel. Push factors are internally generated thrusts doing tourer to seek for marks in objects, state of affairss and events that contain the promise of cut downing prevailing thrusts ( Gnoth, 1997 ) . Yoon and Uysal ( 2005 ) confirmed the old statement, lucubrating that push motives are related to tourers desire either internally or emotionally. The force of push factor pushes an single off from place and efforts to develop a general desire to go without stipulating where that may be. The basic push motives for travel among tourers are a mixture of geographic expedition, exhilaration and relaxation. Richards and Wilson ( 2004 ) , nevertheless, argued that backpackers are motivated by experiential factor, unlike tourers who are more likely to be in hunt of rel axations. Backpackers in peculiar tend to underscore on points related to see seeking and are less concerned about relaxation. Push motives can be seen as the desire for flight, remainder and relaxation, freshness seeking and exhilaration. As Yoon and Uysal ( 2005 ) stated, tourers may go to get away everyday and hunt for reliable experiences. The thought that tourers may go to get away modus operandi of mundane life may presume their trip as a ground to get away from personal or interpersonal environment ( Kim, Lee and Klenosky, 2003 ) . Backpackers frequently report feelings of dissaisfaaction with their place societies and the force per unit areas of mundane life ( Maoz, 2007 ) and they by and large see travel as a signifier of flight and as a opportunity for personal growing and a hunt of significance. By get awaying their mundane environment, a individual can go forth behind the personal and/or interpersonal universe with assorted grounds, such as personal jobs, problems, troubles and failures or the day-to-day interpersonal universe ( Ross and Iso-Ahola, 1991 ) . Mansfeld ( 2002 ) explained the causal relationship between stimulations, in this instance, push factor and determination on where to travel based on an analysis of the motivational phase which reveals the manner in which people set ends for their finish pick and how these ends are so reflected in their finish pick. In a survey of motive of backpackers in South Africa, Niggel and Benson ( 2008 ) confirmed that push factor of flight was extremely important in which it ranked the 3rd most of import push. Harmonizing to Maoz ( 2007 ) , backpackers besides attempt to get away from a really mercenary, stressed and rough society to happen safety in an reliable, pure, relaxed and aboriginal finish. Complexity, freshness and diverseness are every bit good of import actuating factors in the pick of activities and finishs ( Atljenic A ; Doorne, 2004 ) . For case, the public-service corporation acquired by a determination as a consequence of its ability to elicit wonder, supply freshness and/or to fulfill a desire of cognition can be seen reflected in a sustained civilization of North American pupils desire to research Europe in a back pack travel manner during summer vacations ( Bansalt A ; Eiselt, 2004 ) . Benson ( 2008 ) stated that the demand to research and larn as wonder and the hunt for the significance of the universe as innate and cardinal thrusts proved to be most important to backpackers. Lepp A ; Gibson ( 2004 ) clarified that sing a fresh finish may be one manner of reconstructing psychological balance. Freshness seeking might be associated with an person s life style or environment features. Besides freshness seeking, backpackers primary motive for travel may every bit good be to seek experiences of escapade and genuineness. The hunt is construed non as a affair of leisure, but as a meaningful, experiential desire that may indue the person s individuality with a richer and fuller experience. As Noy ( 2004 ) discussed in his surveies, backpacker is besides be viewed as an authenticist tourer as they insist on seeking untasted and good finish. 2.1.2 Destination attributes as pull factors Kim, Lee A ; Klenosky ( 2003 ) conceptualised the facts of pull factors as associating to the characteristics, attractive forces, or properties of the finish itself. The pull factors force an single towards a finish due to specific enticement ( touchable and intangible cues ) that attract people to recognize the demands of a peculiar travel experiences ( Lam A ; Hsu, 2006 ) in which it measures the finish s ability to pull attractive forces. Each finish has its ain properties to offer from a broad scope of merchandises and services that acts as a enticement. Emotions and feelings about finish attributes likely motivate tourers to be after a trip ( Goossens, 2000 ) . Destination attributes may excite and reenforce push motives because people are pushed by motive variables into doing travel determinations. Harmonizing to Gnoth ( 1997 ) , pull factors are generated by the cognition about end properties which an person holds. The usage of the listing of finish properties harmonizing to Bansalt and Eiselt ( 2004 ) from which travel motivations are inferred act as an external force to an person and it influences where people travel, given the initial desire to go. Destination attributes could be many and differ from one finish to another and tourers were granted the chance to take from the set of finishs. The comparative importance of finish properties varies consequently to the initial motivational factors, in footings of their travel intent ( Kim, Lee A ; Klenosky, 2003 ) . Preference sets and finish properties harmonizing to Kozak ( 2002 ) can be matched to specific psychographic profiles of tourers. For illustration, the flight relaxation backpackers may fit their finish pick with penchant for finish with night life and amusement. Mansfeld ( 2002 ) noted that it is good documented in surveies that on the travel motive of tourers that random and irrational motive can alter the full manner of measuring properties that eventually leads to destination choice. The image of a topographic point is an holistic concept which derived from attitudes towards the finishs perceived touristry properties. Backpackers do non take, but instead, the properties are possessed and backpackers use perceptual experience of properties as input factors to measure public-service corporation ( Um A ; Cromp ton, 1990 ) . Practical concerns such as increased media exposure and safer, speedier and more comfy travel may be the factors act uponing the entreaty of finishs. Ads are directed towards possible tourers trying to prise and entice these tourers out of their places at the same clip, advancing a specific finish. The utility of this construct is to pattern the intangible intrinsic desires of a tourer to travel on holiday ( Kozak, 2002 ) and to excite and reenforce built-in push motives. 2.2 Relationship between destination-choice and decision-making Most surveies of tourers travel pick reference tourers finish picks as the cardinal component in decision-making ( Dellaert, Ettemas A ; Lindh, 1998 ) . Richards and Wilson ( 2004 ) emphasised that decision-making procedure of backpackers is significance for touristry market as a whole. Harmonizing to Gnoth ( 1997 ) , consumers based their determinations about finishs on the properties, installations and experiences that they anticipate. At the really root of every finish pick is the assignments of public-service corporation values to assorted parts of the finish option and these parts are so referred to as finish property. The image and attitude dimensions of a topographic point as a travel finish are likely to be critical elements in the finish pick procedure, irrespective of whether or non they are the representations of what that topographic point has to offer ( Um A ; Crompton, 1990 ) . As a cardinal component in the travel decision-making procedure, tourers determinations are complex multi-faceted determinations in which the picks for different elements are interrelated. Assorted forms of tourer flows yield consequences from a differential choice-process that derives from a assortment of tourer demands, outlooks and background ( Mansfeld, 1992 ) . The determiners of whether to take depend on their perceptual experience that in the terminal, act upon their pick. Harmonizing to Hsu, Tsai A ; Wu ( 2009 ) , finish pick can be conceptualised as a tourer s choice of a finish signifier a set of options and that choice is determined by assorted motivational factors. Therefore, finish pick is the apogee of a combination of the thrust and anticipation factors. Goossens ( 2000 ) pointed out that push and pull factors have to be incorporated in the motivational mechanism that triggers the finish pick procedure. In add-on to motive, causal factors such as the handiness of clip, economic resources and old experiences may every bit good act upon the procedure of finish pick. This reflects the demand to optimise benefits within the restraints of disposable clip and money. The destination-choice of tourers as with many other sorts of picks involves a grade of uncertainness. One can leave a more realistic importance of both rational and irrational elements that influence the determination procedure and its effects. Mansfeld ( 1992 ) explained the holiday sequence which is really much controlled by both push and pull factors, where tourer is foremost motivated by given push factors to take a holiday. Having been so motivated, the person has to do a determination whether to travel on jaunt or to remain at place. This determination is based on an appraisal of single restraints as good the predominating economic state of affairs. If the determination is to set about a trip, the remainder of the determination procedure is channeled through the phases of information assemblage, riddance of options and eventually, the existent finish pick. An analysis of motivational phase can uncover the manner people set ends for their finish pick. Destination direction could either advance properties that best lucifer tourer motives or concentrate on a different market where tourer motives and finish resources match each other. Therefore, the determiners of touristry info hunt procedure comprise the grade of assorted push and pull factors associated with the finish during the decision-making procedure. The comparative importance of motivational factors resulted from assorted forms of tourer yielded consequences from a differential pick procedure that derived from a assortment of tourer demands, outlook and backgrounds ( Mansfeld, 2002 ) . 2.3 Decision Push and pull factors should non be viewed as being wholly independent of each other, but instead as being basically related. In peculiar, internal factors drive travel while external factors attract backpackers. In make up ones minding where to travel, backpackers should take in to consideration assorted pull factors which correspond adequately to their push motives. Therefore, placing influential factors is indispensable in make up ones minding where the finish of one s travel will be. The finish pick procedure is hence related to tourers appraisals of finish properties and their sensed public-service corporation ( Kozak, 2002 ) . 3.0 The analysis of informations The intent of this chapter is to supply an apprehension of the method of aggregation and the relevant analytical issues to be addressed. It presents informations needed and informations aggregation technique, questionnaire design, trying technique and information analysis. 3.1 Data needed and the agencies to obtain informations Data needed in this survey was far making whereby it needs to fit several aims. First, it must be able to supply penetrations into understanding of travel motive ( push and pull factors ) on tourers. Second, it must be able to prove the relationships between variables utilizing the statistical agencies. Finally, the chosen research design must run into cost and clip considerations in position of types of information required and the handiness of resources. For the intent of this survey, different methods of informations aggregation have been utilised such as the assemblage of secondary informations and primary informations through questionnaires study. 3.1.1 Secondary Data Collection The aggregation of secondary informations for the survey was chiefly from published articles, studies, diaries or books relevant to the field of survey. The information include one-year studies, known published paperss from earlier surveies and relevant authorities paperss. Huge and dependable sum of electronic informations through had been easy retrieved from the cyberspace. These informations were downloaded from reputable and dependable resources to help research worker in the readying of this survey. 3.1.2 Primary Data Collection The aggregation of primary informations for this survey involves an on-site self-administered questionnaire at three different vicinities. The questionnaire consists of three subdivisions, viz. subdivision A, B and C. Section A covered demographic inquiries of backpackers sing Penang. Close-ended inquiries are used to obtain background information such as age, gender, monthly income, educational makings, matrimonial position and business position. Section B covered inquiries on push factors while Section C covered inquiries pull factors that influenced backpackers trial to Penang with a five- point likert graduated table. 3.2 Sampling Technique 3.2.1 Study population and sample size This survey will be conducted at Batu Ferringhi, and in between the territory of Chulia Street and Love Lane. These vicinities are chosen because they are located in the town country and can be accessed easy. The targeted population of the study is invitees remaining in budget adjustment, including international and domestic backpackers, who stayed in guesthouse, backpackers lodge and inn during the informations aggregation period. The targeted population of this survey involves entirely backpackers sing Penang and the survey will be conducted within a month. The population chosen will be indiscriminately selected from invitees remaining at any budget adjustment within the mentioned country. A sum of 900 questionnaires will be distributed and 300 questionnaires are to be distributed in the mentioned three vicinities which are ( one ) Batu Feringghi, ( two ) territory of Chulia Street and ( three ) Love Lane. 300 questionnaires will be distributed indiscriminately at each country, doi ng a sum of 900 questionnaires at the three cumulative countries. Out of the 300 questionnaires given at a peculiar vicinity, merely 169 will be used every bit sample as for some questionnaires may be uncomplete and hence, those questionnaires will so be excluded. 3.2.2 Sampling technique The trying method that will be used in this research is convenience trying choice ( unrestricted chance trying ) . The choice of participants for a survey is based on their propinquity to the research worker and the easiness with which research worker can entree the participants. Questionnaires were distributed at random at the three vicinities. The first 10 yearss, questionnaire a figure of 225 questionnaires are to be distributed in within the vicinity of Chulia Street. The undermentioned 10 yearss a figure of 225 questionnaires will be distributed in the vicinity of Love Lane whereas the staying 225 questionnaires will be distributed during the last 10 yearss at Batu Feringghi. Datas Analysis To place both push and pull factors that influence decision-making as stated in sub-problem one and two, informations will be analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) . Descriptive statistics such as simple frequences and average evaluations will be computed on travel motives amongst backpackers going to Penang. To analyze the overall differences between degrees of socio-demographic variables in push and pull factors, a multivariate analysis of discrepancy ( MANOVA ) process will be conducted. Is statistical analysis is found, a follow-up one manner ANOVA trial will Bonferroni multiple comparings rectification or t-tests will be later undertaken to analyze the important differences between social-demographic subgroups ( stand foring different degrees of age, business, instruction, gender and income ) on the push and pull factors. However, if important differences in one-way trials occur, Duncan s multiple scope trial will be used to analyze the beginning of differences across the respondent subgroups. Finally, to analyze the 3rd bomber job which is placing the relationship between finish pick and determination devising, Pearson s correlativity coefficients will be computed to place the grade of interrelatednesss among the two dimensions.

Bunting and Bunting

Bunting and Bunting Bunting and Bunting Bunting and Bunting By Maeve Maddox Brad K wants to know what connection there may be between bunting. that half-coil of red, white, and blue handrail decoration and the baseball tactic we call a bunt. The short answer is none. Bunting as a term for the red, white, and blue decorative material comes from flag use. In the 18th century bunting referred to a kind of cloth that was used to make flags. By extension, it came to mean a flag or flags in general. In the United States, France, and any other country whose flags contain those colors, bunting is red, white, and blue. The Italian equivalent of bunting would be green, white, and red. Before it became a baseball term, bunt was a verb meaning to strike with the head or horns (1825). The term entered the baseball lexicon in 1889, both as a noun and as a verb. For those readers unacquainted with baseball, when a hitter bunts, he holds up the bat to intercept the ball, but does not swing at it. A bunted ball does not go far and often catches the opposing players off guard. If a pitcher thinks that the batter intends to bunt, he will alter his manner of pitching. He did not want to bunt, but he wanted the Indians pitcher, Charles Nagy, and catcher, Sandy Alomar, to think he might be bunting and to pitch to him with that in mind. NOTE: Bunting is also the name of a type of bird. Bunting in the lullaby Bye Baby Bunting means chubby one. According to Brewers Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, Baby bunting was a nursery nurses term of affection for a young baby. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Does [sic] Mean?One Fell SwoopWriting a Thank You Note

Elements of sustainability in the hotel industry Dissertation

Elements of sustainability in the hotel industry - Dissertation Example In order to achieve the aim of the study, the researcher set out some key specific objectives, based on which certain research questions were asked. On the basis of the specific objectives also, the researcher constructed key themes under which both primary and secondary data were collected. Four of the key themes around which data were collected are given as (1) the personality of people who patronized the services of hotels most (2) the influence of sustainability practices by hotels in their selection for occupancy by customers (3) specific elements of sustainability that contributes to customer satisfaction (4) indications concerning market directions in the demand for green hotel services. Apart from these four major themes, data were collected in other areas of the study. The secondary data collection took the form of a literature review whiles in the primary data collection, there was an online questionnaire model where 150 respondents answered various questions on the researc h problem. Results from the data collection processes showed that patronage of services of hotels is commonest among the working class, especially top executives whose work takes them on business trips. On the influence of sustainability in the selection of hotels, it was established that indeed greater number of people preferred to select a hotel that practiced sustainability to those that did not. This not withstanding, most respondents indicated that they were not satisfied with the kind of sustainability practices that go on in hotels and that they wished much emphasis would be given to areas of energy reservation, water reservation, reduced carbon emission, waste management and customer service that is based on technology. Finally, it was established that there is a growing market trend that makes most business oriented persons to settle for sustainable hotels as a way of fulfilling corporate social responsibility. The implication here is that if existing hotels want to continu e getting the services of these groups of customers they have no other option than making provisions for sustainability. Once such provisions are made, they will become competitive advantage over other hotels that do not have them in place. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the study During times of economic crises, the most vulnerable industries are those which deal with products and services considered to be luxuries, or at least non-necessities. One such industry is the tourism and hospitality industry, which is closely related to the hotel sector. This is not to say that hotel patronage is solely determined by tourist take-up rates, because there is a significant amount of business that is generated by customers whose trips are related to business. Good examples of these are regional conventions or other such gatherings where a good number of participants come from distant locations, and need to stay over at hotels. Other than these, however, tourists typically stay for l onger periods of time and more benefited from the hotel’s services and amenities. Because of the contracting revenues as a result of the economic crisis, hotels feel the need to develop new, non-traditional sources of competitive

Archetypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Archetypes - Essay Example She mixes up her business professionalism with life care, in that she endows the main task of caring for the child. This movie lays credence to the socio-economic position of the global period during that 10-year period, characterized by the decreased growth of countries’ low standards of living. Her final decision that overcame the thought of an adoption, as she had grown attached to the child shows how the female figure appreciates life. The viewers remain appreciating the rational decision presented. They remain criticizing her male counterpart who abandoned her at her most crucial time (Harold Ramis), an investment banker. Despite all the challenges and hurdles that Wiatt had grown through including suffering a nervous breakdown, she later resurfaces, and all hopes are high when her Baby Food company sales at millions. With the improvement in the world economy, women leadership position has even been more solidified as the new economic period ushers occurs. The movie, The Devil wears Prada of 2006; shows career based female power, love, and friendship linkages in complex and sometimes paradoxical perspectives. Women power linkages explained in the movie reveal that females utilize power effectively to ensure they are competitive in business. They also help other women advance in their careers. This is evident when Andrea acts loyal to Miranda when she attempted to warn her against the coup that intended to overthrow Miranda for a younger woman. However, love and friendship linkages deteriorate, as women become successful professionals. In spite of linkage drawbacks, such movies portray optimism and stable women figure images for young females in the workforce (Danya 70). With the high and improved economic standards, there has been enhancement in life and consequently because of westernization, social evils such as prostitution and production of pornographic materials have sprung up. In the 2004 American teen film, The

Read the three articles in the instructions . Then, write three Assignment

Read the three articles in the instructions . Then, write three synopsis of the work - Assignment Example uses direct communication). He comments that the concepts of high-context and low-context cultures and polychronic (i.e. multitasking) versus monochronic time (i.e. one thing at a time) orientation are useful, but ambiguous. The next theory comes from Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. These dimensions pertain to: power distance, individualism /collectivism, masculinity/femininity and uncertainty avoidance (Dahl 12). Dahl commends the model for its simplicity and widespread application on different cultural interactions. Dahl also explains Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner’s seven value orientations. These orientations are: universalism versus particularism; communitarianism versus individualism; neutral versus emotional; defuse versus specific cultures; achievement versus ascription; human-time relationship and; human-nature relationship (Dahl 14). Dahl explains the connections between these orientations and other intercultural theories. In addition, Dahl describes Shalom Schwartz’s Schwartz Value Inventory (SVI). SVI has two categories: individual-level analysis and cultural-level analysis. Dahl concludes that there is no one theory of cultural dimensions. In the article, â€Å"What Do Employers Really Want? Top Skills and Values Employers Seek from Job-Seekers,† Randall S. Hansen and Katharine Hansen discuss the major skills and values that employers desire from their employees. They want to help job-seekers become more employable for target employers by explaining these skills and values and how the latter can appear in resumes, cover letters, and interviews. Hansen and Hansen discuss that the top main skills that employers want from employees are: communication skills, analytical/research skills, technical literacy, flexibility, interpersonal abilities, leadership and management skills, multicultural sensitivity, planning and organizing skills, problem-solving/reasoning/creativity skills, and teamwork

Constitution in USA Essay Example for Free

Constitution in USA Essay A constitution is either a written (codified) or unwritten (uncodified) body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is acknowledged to be governed. Generally, a constitution is only written after a major event. In the case of America their constitution was written in 1787, after the American Revolutionary War came to a close. There are a number of issues with America’s constitution which make it, arguably, unfit for the 21st century. The most apparent issue with the constitution is the overall ambiguity that it’s based upon. Take for example the eighth amendment which forbids the federal government from imposing cruel or unusual punishments on American citizens. However, what’s classed as a cruel or unusual punishment? Many have argued that capital punishment can be seen as a cruel punishment, which has led to some states, such as Illinois, abolishing the death penalty altogether. Though, despite eighteen states abolishing the death penalty so far, there has been no move to amend the constitution to include the death penalty as an example of ‘cruel punishment’. Another example of an ambiguous amendment is the first amendment which protects the right to free speech as well as freedom of religion. However, how far this amendment applies has been questioned on numerous occasions. For example, Texas passed a law which prevented flag desecration (burning of the American flag), however the Supreme Court overturned the Texas law due to it violating citizen’s first amendment right as flag desecration is seen as an expression of belief, which the first amendment protects. This has led to numerous calls for flag desecration being outlawed via a constitutional amendment, however just like the eight amendment this would be incredibly hard to achieve. This is purely due to how difficult it is to amend the American constitution. The American constitution’s amendment process is long and difficult, which is mainly due to it requiring a supermajority. A supermajority is where 2/3rds of both houses of Congress have to agree to the amendment put forward. Even if either house falls short by one vote, the amendment is dropped. This process was made to be hard intentionally by the Founding Fathers. This was  because they believed that the constitution shouldn’t be constantly changing, and so they created the need for a supermajority to stop the federal government from making rash, in the moment, decisions which they could grow to regret later on. However, it is this founding belief that has made the constitution, arguably, untenable for the 21st century, which can be contributed to Congress’ explosive growth over the last 200 years. For example, in 1789 there were only 65 Representatives in the House of Representatives, which grew to 435 by 1963 and plateaued due to the House of Representative s being capped in 1911. This is an increase of 370 over a period of 174 years (meaning that there were two new Representatives every year). This continually increased the amount of people who had to work in unison to pass constitutional amendments, and as evidenced by the 1911 Act which capped the size of the House of Representatives, America grew far more than the Founding Fathers had originally intended. The constitution can also be seen as unfit for the 21st century due to an ever increasing political pace, as well as rapidly changing circumstances which have led to very different outcomes when compared to the British political system. This can mainly be seen with gun control which is protected in America by the second amendment (â€Å"Right to bear arms†) despite the amount of shootings which have occurred in recent times. An example of this would be the Sandy Hook shooting, which occurred on December 14th 2012 at an elementary school in Connecticut. This caused nationwide outrage which in turn caused support for disarmament groups to increase. However, after several months the support fell away and no constitutional amendments were put through, despite pledges and campaigns from Barrack Obama and Joe Biden. Now, when compared to England, there was a shooting spree in a Dunblane Primary School in 1996. Following national outrage, much alike that caused by Sandy Hook, guns were criminalised by an Act of Parliament, which was significantly easier to do as the UK does not have a written constitution, rather an unwritten one which is drawn from several sources. However, despite the faults with the American constitution, it must be fit for purpose if it still exists. This is because if it wasn’t fit for  purpose, and didn’t work at all, it would have been scraped by one of the American administrations after its conception. This is mainly aided by the argument that the constitution’s ambiguity is what allows it to adapt to changing circumstances as well as its ability to change without formal review. What is meant by this is the fact that the Supreme Court can uphold or repeal earlier decisions made in relation to the constitution, meaning that if the correct decisions were repealed the constitution could be drastically changed.