Social Psychology An Uphill Battle Against Behaviorism

It has been fourteen years since Goethals’ (2003) â€Å"A Century of Social Psychology† and seven years after Ross, Lepper, and Ward’s (2010) â€Å"History of Social Psychology†. From that time, much has changed in the historical, intellectual, and social zeitgeist that has always influenced social psychology as a field—through the latter’s desire to meet the needs and trappings of its place and time. In the same way that people interact with the situation to understand behavior and construe their social reality, the discipline (not unlike a living organism of its own) has grown and been defined by the priorities and research questions most relevant to the social issues of each point in history. For instance, American social psychology has been an†¦show more content†¦Following these themes and directions, a constructive means of evaluating what social psychology is (as a field, and as a body of theories, methods, and thought) and what it will become in the future is through its crucial role in responding to current issues impinging in our social lives and reality. It bears repeating that Kurt Lewin found that the best theories are the practical ones, where researchers take their findings and knowledge to make sense of and make a difference in the real world. It would not be too much to say that social psychology (and its emphasis on the situation where the person is embedded) is needed now more than ever, in a time of radical dispositionism, social structural transformation, and rapid changes in the ways we live. The Biology of Social Behavior Parents often tell their children to stay away from strangers, because unknown people are dangerous (and early human civilizations survived by staying away from weird outsiders). Society places a premium on attractive, intelligent, and well-off individuals as they signify good genetic material and the possibility of biologically endowed offspring. All of these concerns are in place to ensure that people get to survive and preserve their genetic line through reproduction with the best mates to ensure high genetic quality (Durrant Ellis, 2003). Ultimately, a dangerous implication would be the justification of social norm transgressions: that

Sentence Variety - What It Is and How to Achieve It

In a composition, sentence variety refers to the practice of varying the length and structure of sentences to avoid monotony and provide appropriate emphasis. Grammar checkers are of little help with sentence variety, says  Diana Hacker. It takes a human ear to know when and why  sentence variety is  needed (Rules for Writers, 2009). Observations Sentence variety is a means by which the writer helps the reader to understand which ideas are most important, which ideas support or explain other ideas, etc. Variety of sentence structures is also a part of style and voice.(Douglas E. Grudzina and Mary C. Beardsley, Three Simple Truths and Six Essential Traits for Powerful Writing: Book One. Prestwick House, 2006) Thomas S. Kane on Ways to Achieve Sentence Variety Recurrence means repeating a basic sentence pattern. Variety means changing the pattern. Paradoxical as it sounds, good sentence style must do both. Enough sameness must appear in the sentences to make the writing seem all of a piece; enough difference to create interest...Of course, in composing a sentence that differs from others, a writer is more concerned with emphasis than with variety. But if it is usually a by-product, variety is nonetheless important, an essential condition of interesting, readable prose. Let us consider, a few ways in which variety may be attained. Changing Sentence Length and Pattern It is not necessary, or even desirable, to maintain a strict alternation of long and short statements. You need only an occasional brief sentence to change the pace of predominately long ones, or a long sentence now and then in a passage composed chiefly of short ones ...... Used with restraint, fragments ... are a simple way to vary your sentences. They are, however, more at home in a colloquial style than in a formal one. Rhetorical Questions ...  [R]hetorical questions are rarely used for variety alone. Their primary purpose is to emphasize a point or to set up a topic for discussion. Still, whenever they are employed for such ends, they are also a source of variety ... Varied Openings Monotony especially threatens when sentence after sentence begins the same way. It is easy to open with something other than the usual subject and verb: a prepositional phrase; an adverbial clause; a connective like therefore or an adverb like naturally; or, immediately following the subject and splitting it from the verb, a nonrestrictive adjectival construction. . . . Interrupted Movement Interruption--positioning a modifier or even a second, independent sentence between main elements of a clause so that pauses are required on either side of the intruder--nicely varies straightforward movement. (Thomas S. Kane, The New Oxford Guide to Writing. Oxford University Press, 1988) A Strategy for Evaluating Sentence Variety Use the following strategy to review your writing for variety in terms of sentence beginnings, lengths, and types: - In one column on a piece of paper, list the opening words in each of your sentences. Then decide if you need to vary some of your sentence beginnings.- In another column, identify the number of words in each sentence. Then decide if you need to change the lengths of some of your sentences.- In a third column, list the kinds of sentences used (exclamatory, declarative, interrogative, and so on). Then . . . edit your sentences as needed. (Randall VanderMey, Verne Meyer, John Van Rys, and Patrick Sebranek. The College Writer: A Guide to Thinking, Writing, and Researching, 3rd ed. Wadsworth, 2008) William H. Gasss 282-Word Sentence on Sentence Length and Variety Anyone who looks with care into the good books shall find in them sentences of every length, on every imaginable subject, expressing the entire range of thoughts and feelings possible, in styles both as unified and various as the colors of the spectrum; and sentences that take such notice of the world that the world seems visible in their pages, palpable, too, so a reader might fear to touch those paragraphs concerned with conflagrations or disease or chicanery lest they be victimized, infected, or burned; yet such sentences as make the taste of sweet earth and fresh air--things that seem ordinarily without an odor or at all attractive to the tongue--as desirable as wine to sip or lip to kiss or bloom to smell; for instance this observation from a poem of Elizabeth Bishop’s: ‘Greenish-white dogwood infiltrated the wood, each petal burned, apparently, by a cigarette butt’--well, she’s right; go look--or this simile for style, composed by Marianne Moore: â₠¬ËœIt is as though the equidistant three tiny arcs of seeds in a banana had been conjoined by Palestrina’--peel the fruit, make the cut, scan the score, hear the harpsichord transform these seeds into music (you can eat the banana later); yet also, as you read these innumerable compositions, to find there lines that take such flight from the world that the sight of it is wholly lost, and, as Plato and Plotinus urge, that reach a height where only the features of the spirit, of mind and its dreams, the pure formations of an algebraic absolute, can be made out; for the o’s in the phrase ‘good books’ are like owl’s eyes, watchful and piercing and wise. (William H. Gass, To a Young Friend Charged With Possession of the Classics. A Temple of Texts. Alfred A. Knopf, 2006)

The Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children - 1255 Words

The effects of divorce on children Throughout time, people from all over the world have chosen to live together, or â€Å"get married†. Marriage is a beautiful thing, but there are some couples who are unable to maintain their relationship, because they choose divorce as a solution to cope with the problems between husband and wife. Although divorce can be solution to cope with problem between the husband and wife, it still has dangerous effects especially on their children. Children with divorced parents are vulnerable to risk. Divorce has a dangerous impact on children. Divorce of parentss causes many problems to children. It causes children to have a loss of Knowledge, skills, and resources from parents, behavioral problems, emotional problem, and health problem A divorce of parents can lead children to have loss of knowledge, skills, and resources from parents. Those children with divorce of parentss are at risk of getting bad grades even dropping out school due to the fact that they have been alternating between their parents houses. When the children saw their father fighting against each other, they feel depressed and worthless. Gradually, the feeling of depression and worthlessness take them to the point where he or she just doesn’t care about school anymore. The high marks that he or she used to get in the past to impress his parent s are not the same as the grades after divorce. The child reaches the level where getting a standard grade is not important anymoreShow MoreRelatedChildren Of Divorce And Its Effect On Children913 Words   |  4 PagesChildren of Divorce Children of divorce are numerous, the effects of their biological parents separation and subsequent divorce has lasting effects on their behavior, academics, and their emotions. 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King Medaille College Abstract The current divorce rate suggests that one out of every two marriages will end in divorce. This paper is a critical literature review that explores the hypothesis that divorce has detrimental effects on children. Six different risks have been suggested to cause the differences in an increased need for help between divorced family children and two-parent family children: parental loss, economic loss, more lifeRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Children900 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce in and of itself does not harm children; it is the intensity and duration of the conflict between parents that negatively impacts a children adjustment. After a divorce or separation, it isn’t uncommon for children to display some behavioral issues. A child acting out shouldn’t come as a complete surprise because after all, a divorce is a challenging obstacle for the entire family to go through. Behavioral issues in children of divorce can range from mild acting out to destru ctive behaviorRead MoreEffects Of Divorce On Children And Divorce1460 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s world, most people accept divorce or separation as a way of life. Parents are unaware or do not understand the damage it can have on their children. However, in some instances, it is better to get out of an abusive relationship because that can be as toxic as divorce. On average, 50% of children who are born with married parents, will experience divorce before the age of 18 (Children and Divorce Baucom, 2010-2017). Along with divorce statistics, 40% of children in America are raised withoutRead MoreEffect Of Divorce On Children1068 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Divorce on Children While divorce may reduce strain on a failing marriage, it may cause damaging effects on the children. Often times parents are too concerned on the marriage to notice the effects on children. From the way parents react in front of the children to new marriages all can directly affect the daily lives, and behavior of children. Though, there are ways to mitigate some of the issues that can come with divorce, possibly avoiding some of the effects all together. UnfortunatelyRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children1296 Words   |  6 Pages50% of all the children born to married parents today, will experience the divorce of their parents’ before they are eighteen years old. Divorce in and of itself doesn’t necessarily harm a child, but the conflict between parents does. A child’s behavior correlates directly with the effects of their parents’ separation. Deep emotional wounds are created before, during, and after divorce and separation. It is rare that you find a child that actually wants their parents to separate, unless the marriageRead MoreDivorce : The Effect On Children1084 Words   |  5 PagesNicole Halterman Professor Tausch CTI 102 D Written Communication 4 October 2014 Divorce: the Effect on Children In today’s society, divorce has become a normal occurrence. Married couples today are getting divorces due to many different reasons; conflicts in the marriage, a loss of romantic feelings, perhaps a spouse is having an affair, or other types of problems. Most divorces have children that are really young and due to their age, they do not have any idea how to deal with this type of situationRead MoreDivorce And Its Effects On Children1343 Words   |  6 Pagesknow that the divorce rate in the United States hovers around fifty percent, including forty percent under the age of 21. In that fifty percent one of every six adults is likely to go through a divorce twice. Not only does divorce affect the adults involved, but forty percent of children in the United States will experience parental divorce (Portnoy, 2008). Children with divorced parents struggle with negative consequences emotionally, mentally, and academically compared to those children from intactRead MoreDivorce And Its Effect On Children998 Words   |  4 PagesDivorce has become very popular in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, on average 50% of marriages result in a failed marriage. This percentage has been at it’s all time high. Not many couples have sustained a successful marriage in present days. Divorces have been around for a long time, and unfortunately kids have always been affected the most according to their age. As a result of divorce, there are many children that have to go through this situation at a very young age

Web Based Oncological Working System

Question: Discuss about the Web Based Oncological Working System. Answer: Project Background WOWS project is collaboration between Centre for Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Artificial Intelligence Research (MCCAIR) at Federation University Australia and the Oncology division of the Western Gippsland Cancer Institute (WGCI) at the Western Gippsland Hospital (WGH). Problem Statement There are manual processes that are followed in WGCI for maintaining patient information and medical records which lead to a number of challenges in terms of handling, storage and management of the same. The project will provide an automated and digitally advanced solution for WGCI to store, view and manage the patient information which will improve quality, efficiency and accuracy of medical care (www.tbs-sct.gc.ca., 2008). Project Vision For MCCAIR, WGCI Who will use the automated solution for automated management and storage of patients records The WOWS: Web-based Oncological Working System Is an Automated information systems That - will overcome the challenges of manual processes in handling and managing patient records (Rothman, 2013) Success Criteria Meeting the due deadlines for all the deliverables Completion of the project within defined budget Good customer feedback on the delivered solution Project Approach The project will be developed and managed by the Agile Development and Management Methodology. This approach would be ad-hoc and value driven in nature which will proceed in an iterative and incremental manner. The project will be developed in a series of sprints on the basis of product and sprint backlogs and will be achieve by Scrum team. Customer will be involved at every phase to provide with valuable feedback and the same will be incorporated in the sprints that will be executed thereafter. The final result will come in the form of an end product meeting all of the clients requirements and will include automated central data repository for storing the patient records and information, visual representation of the data and management of the same. Project Plan Project Scope In Scope Release Priority Story# Story Name Description 1 1 1 Interfaces Development of user and system interfaces for patients and medical professionals that will act as a portal for the solution 1 1 2 Login/Log Out Design, development and implementation of login and log out functionalities 1 1 3 Operations on Patient data Ability to view, edit, search and modify the information in an authorized manner 1 1 4 Patient Record Report HTML report of patients clinical information 1 1 5 User Administration Setting up of admin account and user privileges 1 1 6 Reporting Reporting functionalities associated with the data 1 2 7 Online Help Assistance and support with the functionalities of the portal Out of Scope The required changes in the existing hardware and equipment available with the associated parties will not be covered. Management of the third party vendors and associated activities will not be covered (projectyap.com, 2016). Project Participants Role Name and Organization Responsibility Co-CEOs Phil Smart, WGCI Bill Bright, MCCAIR Approval on project plan and other documents along with requirements specification Project Manager ABC Preparation of project plan, resource allocation, conduction of meetings Business Analyst IJK Analysis of the requirements gathered from all the varied sources Designer CDE Designing of the advanced digital solution Developer FGH Development of the advanced digital solution End-user LMN Acceptance testing and providing the user feedback Constraints, Assumptions and Risks Constraints Constraint Impact Project shall be completed in a maximum of 6 months An effort of 8 hours per day for 6 days a week for by team members failing which schedule overrun may occur leading to penalties Project shall be completed under $700,000 Accurate budget allocation and utilization of the same in all the project activities failing which budget overrun may be caused Actual patient data cannot be used during development and testing Test data to be developed for the designing, development, testing and implementation of the solution Assumptions and Dependencies The project will be completed in 6 months and under $700,000 The tools and equipment required for development and other activities will be made available to the team Client will be available for providing requirements and feedback during the agile development and management of WOWS Third party vendors will deliver the products on decided schedule (Lant, 2010) Risks Risk Mitigation Strategy Schedule Overrun Internal team meetings to re-strategize the project to compensate for the time exhausted Budget Overrun Re-allocation of the leftover budget in the remaining activities Technological Changes Migration to the newer technological tools and features in a step by step manner Security Risks Application of advanced security mechanisms such as access control, firewalls, anti-virus software and internet security (Galen, 2016) Quality Risks Quality audits on a frequent basis to validate and verify product quality after every sprint and in-between as well Resource Scarcity One-on-one discussions between resource and manager along with better HR policies (Cvsnead, 2013) Timeline Estimate Date Milestone and Deliverables 11th August 2016 Project Charter Document 25th August 2016 Project Plan 5th October 2016 System Design Document 19th October 2016 Release of Sprint 1 19th November 2016 Release of Sprint 2 19th December 2016 Release of Sprint 3 12th January 2016 Implementation Plan 20th January 2016 Test Report 30th January 2016 User Manuals 11th February 2016 Go-Live, Closure Report Budget Estimate A total of $700,000 will be allocated to complete all of the project activities. References Cvsnead,. (2013). Structured Agility: Developing an Agile Project Charter. TheAdaptivePM. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://theadaptivepm.wordpress.com/2013/04/04/sdlc-vs-agile-getting-chartered/ Galen, R. (2016). Agile Chartering - Beginning with the End in Mind. Projecttimes.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.projecttimes.com/robert-galen/agile-chartering-beginning-with-the-end-in-mind.html Lant, M. (2010). How To Make Your Project Not Suck by Using an Agile Project Charter. Michael Lant. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://michaellant.com/2010/05/18/how-to-make-your-project-not-suck/ projectyap.com,. (2016). ProjectYap - Projects - Collaborative Agile Project Management. Projectyap.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://projectyap.com/project.html Rothman, J. (2013). Keys to Chartering an Agile Project. ProjectManagement.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.projectmanagement.com/articles/280949/Keys-to-Chartering-an-Agile-Project www.tbs-sct.gc.ca.,. (2008). Project Charter Guide (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca.